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}CNvZbT Microprocessor

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}CNvZbT Microprocessor

}CNvZbTA gWX^HfqWKWH (LSI) A Rs[^\B A microprocessor, transistors and other elements of the integrated circuit large-scale integrated circuit (LSI), and a computer to configure the central part. CPU@\wACPU`ArfIJ[hGPU}CNvZbTB The CPU is implemented often refers to the so called, CPU and can almost be treated as a synonym often, but also on the video card GPU also exist, such as microprocessors. {ACPU}CNvZbTqB In this section, a CPU principal describes as a microprocessor.

Index

[ W ] Tv Summary

proHA ALSIRs[^VXeA `bv}CRB Use the input-output and peripheral circuits and the memory is built with LSI in a computer system to operate as a WANCHIPPUMAIKON call.

}CNvZbTALSI`bv@\ALSI\B Microprocessors, one feature of the LSI chips are often complete, but several others are comprised of LSI. `bvZbgrbgXCXQB For this set of chips or a bit slice see.

}CNvZbTJOACPU^gWX^Pfqgp\AWHJAWHg\B Prior to the development of the microprocessor, CPU, vacuum tubes and transistors, such as a large number of single-use device that is configured and integrated circuits have been developed, many of the integrated circuit is configured as a combination. WHKAHfqAKWHCPU@\[oB Large-scale integrated circuits, however, many elements of the circuit was able to settle for a large-scale integrated circuit features the CPU was able to pay. AYApiiAgA\AiB This ease of production, ease of use have increased dramatically, so as to be used in larger amounts, and significantly improved performance, the price had dropped.

}CNvZbTA 1971NCeJB Microprocessors, in 1971 Intel was developed by. Ce}CNvZbT\18{[A@A@]\B It is also about the performance of Intel microprocessor-doubles in 18 months that Moore's Law also sought, in accordance with this law until today has continued to improve performance.

}CNvZbTCt[nhwhRs[^Rs[^B At present, a large microprocessor from mainframes to tiny handheld computers to a variety of uses.

[ W ] j History

[ W ] }CNvZbT The first microprocessor

Intel 4004 }CNvZbT Intel 4004 microprocessor

lXZpvVx[XA}CNvZbTvf1970NB Based on a variety of technological innovations, the microprocessor component will be implemented in full in 1970 is around. OvWFNgS}CNvZbToB Three of the project is almost entirely generated by a microprocessor. Ce4004 A eLTXECXcc (TI) TMS1000AGarrett AiResearchCentral Air Data Computer (CADC) B Intel's 4004, Texas Instruments (TI) of the TMS1000, Garrett AiResearch of the Central Air Data Computer (CADC).

1968N GarrettAJCRF-14gLbg @tCgpRs[^fW^Rs[^JvB In 1968, Garrett, a U.S. Navy F-14 Tomcat fighter aircraft flight control computer for the development of digital computer as requested. v1970NB Design in 1970 and was completed. MOSx[X`bvCPUB MOS-based chips from multiple CPU. fUC]@BVXerMAgLbgpB The design of the traditional machine is small in comparison to the system reliable and was adopted early in the Tomcat. iACRpo~A[u1997NB However, because of its advanced, the U.S. Navy to the public as it would sell commercial ban, the measure until 1997 followed. ACADCMP944`bvZbgmB Therefore, CADC MP944 chip set, and until recently was little known.

TI4rbgTMS 1000JB TI with a 4-bit development of the TMS 1000. dvOTMS1802NCo1971N 917B The calculator has a built-in program TMS1802NC for the emergence of the Sept. 17, 1971. CeJ4004^4rbgCPU1971N 1115[XB Intel has developed a 4004-4-bit CPU in 1971 on November 15 were released. JA ebhEzt A tFfREt@W AB As a developer, Ted Hoff, Federico Jin-hwa, and Masatoshi Shima said.

TI}CNvZbToB TI has applied for a patent on the microprocessor. QC[Eu[VO`bv}CNvZbTA[LeN`1973N 94li : 3,757,306jB Gary Boone on a single-chip microprocessor architecture patent in 1973 on September 4 won (U.S. patent number: 3757306). x}CNvZbTB Institute of companies in which the first was to work at the level of the microprocessor is not known exactly. 1971N1976N ACeTIINXCZX_ACeTI}CNvZbTCeBxB In 1971 and 1976, Intel and TI is a comprehensive cross-licensing agreement, the Intel microprocessor with TI's patent royalties paid for. oA TCbNXCei@LqB During this time the circumstances, SAIRIKKUSU of litigation between Intel and is described in court documents. iTI}CNvZbTLl^B TI in this case the owner of a patent on the microprocessor and was involved as a mediator.

`bvRs[^l}CNvZbToG[VB The idea of a computer on a chip variation of the microprocessor. }CNvZbTRA (CPU) I/Oioj`bvlACfAi}CNRs[^jATIQC[Eu[}CPEJERN^i : 4,074,351jB The core of the microprocessor (CPU) and memory and I / O (input-output) chips in a single patent on the idea that stuff (at that time, a microcomputer called the patent), TI Lee Boone of the Gay and Michael J Cochran was given to (United States patent number: 4074351).

CeComputer Terminals CorporationiDatapointj[`bvvB Intel Computer Terminals Corporation (the Datapoint) fromKETTA the design of chips for handsets. Datapoint`bvgACe`bv8008O1972N 4oB Datapoint eventually decided to use the chip, the Intel 8008 chip, named the 1972 sale in April. E8rbg}CNvZbTB This is the world's first 8-bit microprocessor. gMark-8Rs[^LbgB With the Mark-8 computer kit that was sold. 8008p8080}CNvZbTsnB 8008 is the successor to its 8080 creation of the microprocessor market.

[ W ] 8rbg}CNvZbT 8-bit microprocessor

Z80 }CNvZbT Z80 microprocessor

4004p8008E8rbg}CNvZbTB 4004 is the successor of 8008 is the world's first 8-bit microprocessor. vZbTCe8080 A UCOZ80 ACehvZbTB The processor is Intel's 8080, ZAIROGU the Z80, derived from other processors made by Intel pioneer. Rg[MC6800A[LeN`Rs[XeNmW[6502A Z80eB Rival Motorola MC6800 copy and strengthen the architecture of the Moss Technology 6502 and, Z80 andTTA for supremacy. 1980NOB Is in the first half of 1980.

Z806502VXeSRXgApbP[WAvoXPAO`bvH iZ80Rg[jB Z80 and 6502 of a system-wide effort to reduce costs and smaller package, and requested the bus is a simple, and another outside it had to act in chip circuitry (for example, Z80 A memory controller) has a built-in. 1980Nz[Rs[^sVAg}VA99 UShB By early 1980, the home computer market with a new-born, some machine, 99 US dollar to be sold.

g[D[XMC6809ZbgvApt8rbg}CNvZbTAi}CNvZbTGHB Motorola has released as a bargaining chip MC6809 instruction set is perpendicular to the beautiful and distinctive design, the de facto most powerful 8-bit microprocessor, the microprocessor products at the most complex consists of a circuit. Or. ~}CNR[hGHB Since the micro-code complex to replace the circuit. ptvZbTvAHGB Design a more powerful processor when the circuit is simply too complex to have become.

8rbg}CNvZbTSignetics2650B 8-bit microprocessor of the other early in 2650 as a Signetics. ptZbgSWB A unique, powerful instruction set that once drew great attention.

qF}CNvZbTRCARCA 1802i CDP1802ARCA COSMACjA1970NNASAFT@{CW[oCLOgB The aerospace industry's first microprocessor in the RCA in the RCA 1802 (aka CDP1802, RCA COSMAC), in the 1970s, NASA's space probe Voyager and Viking were used. T@KIi 1989NoA 1995NjB Jupiter, the spacecraft Galileo is also equipped with (1989 starting in 1995, arrived). CDP1802gRAdAvZX (Silicon on Sapphire) FdvZbTB The reason for the use of CDP1802, extremely low power consumption and the production process (Silicon on Sapphire) that cosmic rays and discharge the other from what was stronger than the processor. 1802}CNvZbTB So in 1802 the first radiation-resistant deserve to be called the microprocessor.

[ W ] 16rbg}CNvZbT 16-bit microprocessor

TI TMS9900 TI TMS9900

`bv\16rbg}CNvZbT1973NoiVi Z~R_N^[IMP-16B The first consists of multiple 16-bit chip microprocessor that in 1973, has appeared in National Semiconductor's IMP-16. 8rbg`bvZbgIMP-81974NoB 8-bit version of the IMP-8 as a chip set in 1974 has emerged. 1975N AiVi Z~R_N^[16rbg}CNvZbTPACEJANMOSINS8900JB In 1975, National Semiconductor for the first 16-bit microprocessor developed PACE, after the NMOS has developed a version of the INS8900.

}``bv16rbg}CNvZbTDECOEMp{[hZbgLSI-11~jRs[^ PDP-11 /03A tFA`ChZ~R_N^[MicroFlame 9440A1975N1976NoB Other early as multi-chip 16-bit microprocessor DEC's OEM board set for the LSI-11 and minicomputer PDP-11 / 03, FEACHAIRUDOSEMIKONDAKUTA MicroFlame 9440's, which from 1975 to 1976 appeared to .

VO`bv16rbg}CNvZbTTITMS9900A~jRs[^TI 990V[YB The first single-chip 16-bit microprocessors and TI's TMS9900, the minicomputer company that is compatible with the TI 990 series. 9900~jRs[^TI 990/4Az[Rs[^TI-99/4A AOEMp}CR{[hTM990V[YgB Minicomputer 9900, TI 990 / 4, Home Computer TI-99/4A, OEM board for the microcontroller used in the TM990 series. `bv^Z~bN64sDIPpbP[WA8rbg}CNvZbTIntel 8080IvX`bN40sDIPpbP[WB Large ceramic chip packages, 64-pin DIP, 8-bit microprocessor Intel 8080 was more common in the small and cheap plastic 40-pin DIP package. p`bvTMS9980Intel 8080RvB TMS9980 chip is the successor to the Intel 8080 are designed to counter a sense. TI 990 16rbgZbgAvX`bN40spbP[WAf[^oX8rbgAAhX16LoCgB TI 990 with 16-bit instruction set, 40-pin plastic package, the 8-bit data bus, the address was only 16 kilobytes of space. O`bvTMS9995VvB The third new chip is designed NAOSA TMS9995. t@~[99105A99110iB 99105,99110 and the family had evolved.

CeG~[g~jRs[^ASB Intel did not have a minicomputer that should be emulated, a completely different path. 8080g16rbgIntel 8086vB 8080 to extend the 16-bit Intel 8086 was designed. 80x86t@~o[8088p[\iRs[^ ip\RjLpB The 80x86 family is the first member of the 8088 personal computer (PC) will be widely adopted. Ce80868080p\tgEFAPA@AB Intel has the best software for 8086 and 8080 can be easily ported to the proposal as a way to succeed. 80868088ACe80186 A 80286[XA 1985N32rbg80386[XyAPCsLB Following the 8086 and 8088, the Intel 80186, 80286 and released in 1985 and 32-bit 80386 extends to the release, and backward compatibility with possession of a weapon in the PC market to a strong state.

}CNvZbT@\ (MMU) ChildsiCejJi : 4,442,484jB The built-in microprocessor memory management mechanism (MMU), other Childs (Intel) has been developed by the (U.S. patent number: 4442484).

[ W ] 32rbg}CNvZbT 32-bit microprocessor

Intel 486DX2 }XNp^[ MASUKUPATAN part of the Intel 486DX2

s16rbg}CNvZbTS32rbg}CNvZbTB A 16-bit microprocessor market to a full 32-bit microprocessor that implements only the appearance of the bridge.

EVO`bv32rbg}CNvZbTAT&T xBELLMAC-32AATvo1980NAo1982NB The world's first single-chip 32-bit microprocessor that AT & T Bell Laboratories and BELLMAC-32A, the first sample shipments in 1980, officially shipped in 1982. 1984NAT&TAWE32000iWEWestern ElectricjAWE32100AWE32200B In 1984 after the split of AT & T, WE32000 been renamed (WE meaning the Western Electric), and WE32100, WE32200 and followed. }CNvZbTAT&T~jRs[^3B53B15AEfXNgbvRs[^3B2AE32rbgbvgbvRs[^CompanionAEi{xTCYj^Rs[^AlexandergB These microprocessors and AT & T's 3B5 minicomputer 3B15, the world's first desktop computer 3B2, the world's first 32 BITTORAPPUTOPPUKONPYUTA Companion, the world's first (about the size of a book), Alexander was used to super-small computer. AlexanderROMJ[gbWA_Q[@B Alexander was fitted with a cartridge ROM, and the point is similar to the current game consoles. SxIWiUNIXIy[eBOVXeAEBhE^\tgEFAxt-layersB All of these original Bell Labs UNIX operating system to work, the first window, xt-layers of software had to equipments.

Ce32rbg}CNvZbTiAPX432B Intel's first 32-bit microprocessor that iAPX432. 1981NossB In 1981, but appeared to fail in the market. iAPX432ZLeB@\IuWFNgwiA[LeN`Ag[68000RA[LeN`r\yB iAPX432 under the authority of the Security Agency and the object-oriented architecture was advanced, such as Motorola's 68000 architecture, in comparison with rival fell short of performance.

g[1985NMC68020Af[^oXAhXoXS32rbg}CNvZbToB Motorola in 1985, MC68020, and also address the full 32-bit data bus has been shipping microprocessors. 68020UNIXslCA68020gfXNgbvTCYVXeiB 68020 with the UNIX market is very popular in many small-business desktop with a 68020-size production system. {\j[NEWS A NECEWS4800 A ZFdHEstation68020giB In Japan, Sony's NEWS, NEC's EWS4800, SEI's Estation 68020 and has been using the product. MC68030`bvMMUA68Kt@~[MS-DOSOvZbTB Continue MC68030 is a built-in chip MMU, 68K family of MS-DOS operating anything other than the processor. MC68040FPU_Z\B In addition MC68040 in the FPU and a built-in floating point arithmetic performance. 68050\\WBA[XB 68050 was the performance will not be able to achieve the target, were not released. MC68060oAs\RISCvZbTB The MC68060 is shipped around the market from a high-performance RISC processors were flooded. 1990NA68Kt@~[fXNgbvsB Since the early 1990s, 68K family faded from the desktop market.

68020pvZbTg@pgpB Many other companies have built a 68020 processor and its successor machine was used to dexterity. MA@g68020AoCePentiumPCB Most notable, and 68020 the number of embedded devices, which were shipped to PC with Intel's Pentium is more than that. ColdFirevZbTRAijj68020pB ColdFire processor core (core) is the legitimate successor to 68020.

1980NA iVi Z~R_N^[O16rbgA[LeN`32rbg}CNvZbTNS16032i32016jS32rbgNS32032JB In the 1980s until the middle of the National Semiconductor in the external 16-bit internal architecture is a 32-bit microprocessor NS16032 (later renamed 32016) and the full 32-bit version of the NS32032 developed. AgpOEM32rbg^Rs[^V[Y[XB Also, it was used for the 32-bit OEM released a series of small computers. V[NGgERs[^1980NNS32032g^}`vZbT (SMP) T[oRs[^JB Sequent Computer in the 1980s to the mid-based NS32032 first symmetric multi-processor (SMP) has developed a server computer. vA 1980NIB The winning design is that the plane was in the 1980s faded in the closing stages.

UCOZ80000[s`XoxB The other ZAIROGU Z80000 andMU interesting opportunities in the marketplace too long to come to a faded quickly.

Ce80386A80x86A[LeN`32rbgvZbTApIA-32A[LeN`{iIOSACevZbTbB Intel launched the 80386 is, 80x86 architecture and the first 32-bit processors, used in the IA-32 architecture on the OS a lot of work in earnest, after the Intel-compatible processors and was the basis for .

1980NIAu}CNvZbTvu}CNvZbT""B 1980's end, the so-called "micro-war" Some microprocessor with the outbreak of a "killed". OqBvSequentANS32032Ce}CNvZbTB Above, and the only victory on the design of theSHITA Sequent, NS32032 disappear with the switch to Intel microprocessors.

[ W ] 64rbg}CNvZbT 64-bit microprocessor

AlphaEMIPSESPARCRISCvZbTA 1990N64rbgsAAlpha32rbgB Alpha MIPS SPARC and other RISC processors in the early 1990s to 64-bit and have been, in particular the generation of 32-bit Alpha does not exist. PCi PC/AT@Macintoshj}CNvZbT21I64rbgsB PC (PC / AT compatible and Macintosh) microprocessors for the 21st century and the beginning of the 64-bit. 2003N 4AMDOpteronAN6IBMPowerPC G5oJnAAMDAthlon642003N 9ACeXeon2004NB In April 2003 AMD's Opteron, but in June the same year, IBM's PowerPC G5 will begin shipping, AMD's Athlon64 September 2003, the Intel Xeon 2004.

Power Mac G564rbgfXNgbvoAAMD2003N 9Athlon 6480x86 ( IA-32 ) A[LeN`gAMD64A[LeN`64rbg`bvACeAMD64IA-32eA[LeN`64rbg}CNvZbToyAWindowsp\R64rbgfXNgbvB Power Mac G5 in the first 64-bit desktop has emerged as another, AMD is in September 2003 Athlon 64 in 80x86 (IA-32) extended architecture AMD64 architecture introduced 64-bit chips, but Intel continued to AMD64 Compatible IA-32e of the 64-bit microprocessor architecture appeared to be reached, Windows for 64-bit desktop PC era. AMD6464rbg\tgEFA32rbg]AvP[VA64rbgIy[eBOVXeAvZbT\@\B AMD64 64-bit and 32-bit software to run legacy applications that can support 64-bit operating system to run on the processor's performance and capabilities to be able to exercise. AMD6464rbgAWX^TCYWX^{\vB 64-bit AMD64 and in the size of the register with the performance of doubling the number of registers to contribute. fXNgbv64rbgWindowshCoyAfXNgbvIntel 64/AMD64vZbT32rbgCPUgB In the 64-bit desktop Windows from the driver incompatibility is not very popular, so Intel 64/AMD64 desktop processors in high-speed 32-bit CPU is used as often.

PowerPC64rbgs1990NOvZbTvAB PowerPC 64-bit migration to the early 1990s at the time of the processor design had been aware of the incompatibility problem was not big. WX^f[^oXgB To register Integer existing data bus width is extended. IA-32A32{pWX^32{_WX^WX^{B Unlike the IA-32, already 32 general-purpose registers and 32 floating point registers, so had to increase the number of registers.

[ W ] RISC RISC

1980NAV\RISC (reduced instruction set computer) }CNvZbToB In the 1980s the middle of several new high-performance RISC (reduced instruction set computer) microprocessor appeared. Apr}VUNIX [NXe[VgACeCPUgfXNgbvOgB They initially use a special machine and UNIX workstations were used, and then using Intel's desktop CPU other than to be used in all areas.

RISCJ1970NIBM 801nB RISC development in 1970 of their IBM 801 started. pRISC}CNvZbT~bvXEeNmW[Y32rbgvZbTR2000i1985NBR1000[XjB The first commercial RISC microprocessors Technologies mega instruction per second is a 32-bit processor R2000 (1985. R1000 was not released). R3000XpIvA R4000E64rbgA[LeN`pB Followed R3000 designed to be more practical, R4000 in the world's first 64-bit architecture. RIBMRT PC i1986NjpPOWER A TE}CNVXeYSPARCVXei1985NjoAevx_RISCA[LeN`pvZbT[XB In order to compete and the IBM RT PC (1986) and subsequent POWER, Sun's SPARC systems (1985) have been produced, each major vendor soon RISC processor architecture, the release said. AT&TCRISPA AMD29000A Cei860i960A g[88000A DEC Alpha A q[bgEpbJ[hPA-RISCB AT & T's CRISP, AMD's 29000, Intel i860 and i960, Motorola 88000, DEC Alpha, Hewlett-Packard's PA-RISC and so on.

sA}CNvZbTAvsXB The job market principles, some of the microprocessor and the selection is a major market has changed.

DEC Alpha\DGA q[bgEpbJ[hB DEC Alpha, said that performance was excellent in terms of the Hewlett-Packard to disappear after the acquisition. q[bgEpbJ[hPA-RISCA CeJItaniumsB Hewlett-Packard's PA-RISC, Intel and the joint development of the Itanium is moving to. MIPSA[LeN`gVXe i VXRVXeY[^jLgB MIPS architecture embedded systems (Cisco Systems routers, etc.) are widely used. POWER / PowerPCA MacintoshpAT[o[X[p[Rs[^A gVXeSB POWER / PowerPC is, Macintosh, was also adopted, the servers and supercomputers as well as the embedded system is the center. ARMA[LeN`z[Rs[^JAgdbEPDAgVXegB ARM architecture originally designed for the home computer, and now mobile phone PDA and other embedded systems is used. ARMA[LeN`T[oNetbooksiowB ARM architecture, and now the server Netbook to the market.

2008NA64rbgRs[eBOsi X[p[Rs[^ A T[o[ A [NXe[VjLB 2008, 64-bit computing market (supercomputers, servers, workstations, etc.) you are likely to follow.

gVXeAsB Embedded systems, following a big part of the market.

A PC/AT@EA Ce AAMDA VIAS80x86A[LeN`}CNvZbTB In addition, PC / AT compatible machine in the world, Intel, AMD, VIA, all 80x86 microprocessor architecture has been produced. 80x86}CNvZbTA]CISCZbgAIRISCZpiKIpAeRISC}CNvZbTtZbgdARISCCISCZpIB The current 80x86 microprocessors, the conventional CISC instruction set compatible with maintaining the top, while the internal RISC technology adopted in stages, and each RISC microprocessor instruction set in the reverse order of a series of additional Currently, the RISC and CISC is the technical classification is difficult. RISCpXgB But the term RISC are often used for convenience.

[ W ] s Market

E}CNvZbT8rbgiB The microprocessor in the world of selling most of the 8-bit products. 1997N20oAlXprpB In 1997, shipping more than 20 billion has been used for various purposes are. A32rbgB In addition, it is now second only to the 32-bit. 1990N32rbg}CNvZbTp\RgpAgdbgpB In the 1990s, most of the 32-bit microprocessors for personal computers have been used, and now mobile phones in use in many more. A Rs[^Q[@A T[o A fW^dpB Additionally, the computer game machines, servers, digital consumer electronics, but the field is available in large quantities.

}CNvZbTAyiA q@AB Microprocessor, a small and expensive that the price of light from the aircraft is in the midst of transportation. {}CNvZbT`A c`B In Japan the highest volume of microprocessors Airport, Narita International Airport.


[ W ] A See also

i JeS j Semiconductor (category)
Classification
Type
fq Semiconductor device
oh_ Band theory
gWX^ Transistor
A Related
Other

[ W ] ON External links

[ W ] }CNvZbTv microprocessor design company

[ W ] Other


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