i Pharmaceuticals

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gNA@kB For your own health issues, please consult a medical professional. B Please read the disclaimer.

iij Examples of drugs (pills)

i ijAijhiOpj AlaffAA\hsB Pharmaceuticals (medical supplies), drinking (oral) or painted (topical) or by injection, the diagnosis of animal diseases and treatments, it is for prevention. piAEXNwpiB And pharmaceuticals, are generally divided into drugs and can be purchased by anyone in the Military commissaries.

AM{iB , Describes the handling of drugs in Japan without mentioning only.

X\IiA iQB For each of the major drugs, see the list of medicines.

[ W ] ` Definition

[ W ] @` defined by the law

{@2A`B The Pharmaceutical Affairs Law in Japan in Article 2 is defined as follows.

{ What is included in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia
l affA\hgpIA@BAApiyqpii Oij Diagnosis of diseases of animals or people, not things that are intended to be used for the treatment or prevention, machinery and equipment, dental materials, medical supplies and health supplies are not (except for quasi-drugs)
lg\@\eyI@BAApiyqpiiOiyij Machinery and equipment or material that is intended to affect the structure or function of the body of a person or animal, dental materials, medical supplies and health supplies are not (except for cosmetics and quasi-drugs)

inA JbFKvB To distribute the drugs in the country as a transfer is required for approval, manufacture and sale by the Minister of Health. FiAOiAi@Yu\vuvB Are no approved drugs, quasi-drugs, medical devices or not cosmetic, "efficacy" and "effect" is not singing. @\HiFWAi\iAuFivB Unless you call within the range allowed in the food with health claims, productTTA the efficacy of a drug effect, "unapproved drugs" to be punished.

[ W ] H Food and Drug Classification

HipiAa\hNHioAiB Advanced research results of the pharmacological effects of ingredients in food, health food and declaring the advent of effective prevention and disease, has been difficult to distinguish between drugs. HiimKvB Was born to be a clear division of food and medicines there.

1971N AuFiwvia46N61476AmjoAiHiB 1971, "leaders of the crackdown on unlicensed drug-approval" (June 1971 from a second drug, No. 476, Director of Pharmaceutical Affairs ministry notification) to be issued, was clearly the class of medicines and food. i46mj (Aka 46 notification)

Hi Shall be classified as a food

AAqAiOA`HiF Vegetables, fruit, candy, cooking, etc. The exterior, be aware of the food and the local geometry
Ni@26ih{P@12jK\e\prHi iapHiADYwwpApApHiA@\HiipHih{@\HijYj The Health Promotion Law Article 26 (Act Dietetics former Article 12) to see what food special use permit was displayed under the provisions of (fooda, powdered milk for breast-feeding woman pregnant women, infant formula milk for the elderly Food for Health functional foods (foods for specified health food and nutritional function) is applicable)

LYA4vfiHifB And above shall not apply to the following four drugs to determine whether food from the elements.

igp{ijLB Intrinsic component that is used solely as a drug (raw material) content. pxFAIgpB The coloring amount of pharmacological effects are not expected, however, except when used for the purposes of aromatizing.
1. AJChA^pNAw(Q)B Highly toxic alkaloids, toxic protein, designated poison other ingredients (see Annex), including the component of the equivalent.
2. A_yolpB Drugs like effect of a stimulant drug and psychotropic drugs.
3. wivwiAq_iKKvB Contain an ingredient or the equivalent of legend drug or drugs specified, and there is a need for regulation of drugs in terms of health.
iI\ia\hAggD@\iA\jW Efficacy of drug effects (treatment or prevention of disease, promote the enhancement of the physical functions of the organization, they also show that implied) call for the
iI`iAvj Shape of drugs (drug ampoule)
iIp@p\ View the drug dosage and administration

L4vf1iA@KB The above four elements of a drug that is classified in one or more are met, be regulated by law.

2001NAJ uivi24313N327AJjAJvZi`HiLA`ifaB In 2001, medical director of the ministry "for the revision of standards for the scope of the drug" (No. 243 from March issue of Medicine 1913 March 27, medical director of the ministry), in the form of food and medicines, such as tablets or capsules If that statement, but the shape is determined to ease the criteria and not drugs.

[ W ] i type of drugs

[ W ] pi Drugs

tgpwgpIiB Which means the supply of drugs to be used for the purpose of the order of these or prescription or used by local doctors. @I`ApiiwiAAiNwB The reason there is not a legal definition, however, drugs that are to be designated as prescription drugs, even for medical drugs, without a prescription, anyone can buy in pharmacies and drug distributors.

[ W ] pi General drugs

piQ See the drug for general

[ W ] pi animal health

ugpIiv`A _YbB "Drugs that are intended to be used exclusively for the animals" are defined, which are set by the Minister of Agriculture.

[ W ] i prescription drug

tAlwiB Without the prescription of doctors, the public can be purchased. @fA t t KvB To get to visit the medical institutions will need a prescription of a dentist or doctor.

iQ See the drug prescription

[ W ] wi drug designation

@29AtKvAiB Article 29 in accordance with the law, and requires treatment by a pharmacist or pharmacy in general sales, and sales in commercial pharmacopoeial is unable to sell drugs.

[ W ] {i Japanese Pharmacopoeia drugs

{iB Refers to drugs that are listing in Japan Pharmacopoeia. iAiB Some of drugs, medicines are classified into the second part. 5NxA2NxxsAiB Pharmacopeia is about five major revision every year, while Version 2 is issued once a year of supplemental, which reviewed the drug listing. 2006NA\{iB In 2006, the revised drug pharmacopeial 50 of Japan.

{igp@AAp@AieiwEAIVisB Japan is using drugs Pharmacopoeia, the effects have been clear that only the listing and the mechanism of action, and not from the point of the current situation in light of the drug content and drug listing number compared with the United States Pharmacopoeia, It's getting to make the listing of new drugs to market. AAcB However, as drug prices and treatment, some problems remain. AVEK A IHipB The ginger was listing in the second, and honey is also used as food.

[ W ] Other types

A Poison, dangerous drug
Ri A Ri Biological products, product specific biological
api Drugs for rare diseases
A _ A o AoAKi Drugs, psychotropic, stimulant drugs, raw materials stimulants, habit-forming drugs

[ W ] i the sale of drugs

iNAs{mB Drugs are not a reason to sell anyone, can sell only at the following locations and received permission from the prefectural governor, in principle. f a@iA t@t@OKB The handling of drugs in clinics and hospitals is based on the exceptions to the law, dentist or doctor law.

[ W ] Pharmacy

@A t^IsA `B The law is a place to work for the purpose of the award or dispensing pharmacy sales have been defined as a pharmacy. OA t@KFB The non-prescription dispensary is not approved in principle by the Pharmacy Act. A OB If, however, such as home care is an exception.

AAsRB Sometimes called the pharmacy to perform the dispensing pharmacies based on the prescriptions, so in principle if the dispensing pharmacy is called unnatural.

Q See the pharmacy

[ W ] iX Drug Store Sales

OiXjLB Pharmacopoeial commerce sales in general and non-pharmacy sales (so-called drugstores)LSANAI a dispensary. piApiiwiB It is primarily the sale of drugs, can not sell prescription drugs and designated drug for medical use of drugs.

hbOXgAAAAcB Drugstores, pharmacies, and sales, many are operating in one of the commercial license pharmacopoeial.

A2009N{s@X\B The 2009 is expected to join the big changes in the revision of the law enforcement.

[ W ] zu Marketing and sales alignment

Ozu Receipts and sales of the medicine cabinet and placed before the war

zuAzuijKAiizujzuAKgpZAWdgiupijvBjizuB Sales and placement, staff placement (salesman) visited the homes of consumers, a box containing drugs (box placement) to place and pay the price for you used to visit the next, how to collect money ( "Usepdestination (such as retail line).") placed the drug sales. zuiAuB The place is sold drugs, medicines and so-called place. XAzuzutiKvAzu]s{mgtKvB Unlike drugstores and pharmacies, and sales staff in place is a place that does not require a qualified pharmacist and, when engaged in the sales arrangement would require the issuance of identification cards of the governor.

[ W ] iJ Development of drugs

ViJi\Njzpi\S~jKvAiXNEB The development of new medicines is a long period (10 years) and the huge costs (billion yen from 100 billion), which require a higher risk than other industries can not be. JbFvZXKvB That process must be approved by the Minister of Health. AV\20Ni oFA5N@FjB Meanwhile, the new drug patent rule expires 20 years after application (if granted a request for extended patent to the Patent Office, the five largest patent law is the extension of the year). sAiZAViEJKvB Launched after a period of patent protection for that, it will be shorter compared to other products, which require research and development of new drugs. AiEEIiAEIWB From the above, the pharmaceutical industry has been restructuring in the world, is being consolidated into a world-leading companies. {OAi[J[}iB Rather than the exception in Japan, a rapidly restructuring of the pharmaceutical manufacturers.

ii iWFlbNiA]jAii[J[B Off-patent medicines made in the period generic drug (generic drug, Zoro), which specializes in drugs of some generic product manufacturers. [J[pAJZAVAiRXgB The matter of experience in the use of component manufacturers have already started, and shorter development times, less new investment, at a lower price than the original drug. WFlbNipAV[J[JOiiQljB The heavy use of generic drug manufacturers are small and medium-sized drug concerns have become difficult to recover development costs (for details refer to the generic drug). A 2010NO^i}i 2010N jAvm\OB Even large companies, 2010 for its off-patent drugs together around a large (2010 issue), which have concerns about whether the revenue.

[ W ] i Manufacture of Drugs

i@iKvB The production of drugs is required drug manufacturers allowed by law. AisAsii1A2jiKvB In addition, to launch the drug produced, depending on the type of drug to launch (the first seed, second seed) must be allowed drug production and sales.

[ W ] i The problem of drugs

{OQB There is the problem of drug-induced disease in and outside Japan. p\moigAippAdpiNKB When there is not enough knowledge about the side effects are especially as the drug was used, the strength of action and side effects of drug addiction and later to be regulated so happens lawsuit serious medical side effects Many of those now.

lApoB People are drinking and tobacco had also been erased orKAor effectiveness of the drug, side effects may get stronger. AlSB If you have a drink together and become taboo, and sometimes people were killed in the worst case drunk.

{LAgB A problem unique to Japan, is the highest amount of drug used.

{iN73000~A{lAJE2uDv^[1] B Drug sales in Japan in seven years more than 3,000 trillion yen, the Japanese are the world after the U.S. number two, "love drug" and even called ^[1]. Tvg ih{HijB Supplements to prove that (supplements) Many of the sales.

wi2A1oApSB The reason for this one has two sides, one that was given the drug a patient is to have a sense of security in itself and it can take. tKvfAuOOvASB Sometimes the drugs doctors can prescribe it, even if they do not need, it's "assurance doubly sure," meaning, meaning to give a sense of security. S_qB Safe to say that that is important in terms of mental health.

XAuvv_IB This trend becomes too strong, but the patient "with the drug must only" drug dependent and mentally I am. oa@fVSuovvAz{1ijB Say they are relieved by the patient and to receive compensation and a medical hospital medicine, "the drug issue now," I think that the flooding had caused the drug in Japan, one of this vicious cycle (of course There are many other causes).

{A3iQVl21zjAc7xB In Japan, however, by health insurance, if drug prices typically 30 percent (for the elderly and the disabled will be reduced 1 percent and by comparison) and have to pay the remaining 70 percent will be paid from the Treasury . gSB Increase the burden on state coffers if it used the drug in large quantities for this. iAi iWFlbNijFv1ASyI^[2] B Starting from the drug has recently been high, with the effect of generic drug equivalents (generic drug) approval of the government trying to One purpose is to reduce the burden on state coffers by the drug ^[2].