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AtJa iAtJA p : Republic of South Africa A AtJ[X : Republiek van Suid-Afrika jA AtJ[ua B South Africa (South Africa's national day, in English: Republic of South Africa, Afrikaans: Republiek van Suid-Afrika), the African continent, located in the southernmost republic state. A AtJ AA A iAjB Aka, South Africa, in short, South Africa (What a).
svgA iclsssj [6] B Capital Pretoria (TSUWANE City metropolitan area) [6]. CMXAMB British Commonwealth member states.
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LFllmA1994NA ApgwCg@IB Once the color of racism is known, and until 1994, the apartheid-called policy was lawful. zbA _ChEIYnAoWB Endowed with mineral resources, gold and diamond production center of the world and the democratization of economic development has attracted attention. ]BRICs i uW ( B razil) A VA ( R ussia) A Ch ( I ndia) A ( C hina) A s`jA BRICSSAtJ (South Africa) \p@B Conventional BRICs (Brazil (B razil), Russia (R ussia), India (I ndia), China (C hina), s, plural) in addition to, BRICS S as South Africa (South Africa) also established that represents the usage Are. ABRICsVAAtJIBSAC ( I ndia, B razil, S outh A frica, C hina) pA G7CMXA GCYAlnAOB In addition, BRICs, except from Russia, plus South Africa IBSAC (I ndia, B razil, S outh A frica, C hina) of the term, G7 in the United Kingdom have been proposed by the AIDS epidemic, the level of education The poverty of the poor non-whites, such as the deterioration of security are a concern.
11ppApB 11 official languages used in the different official name in the official language.
A CMXAME1961Nu AtJAM vB After independence, the British Commonwealth until 1961 to secede from the "Federation of South Africa," he said.
AtJaN\QB Chronology of South Africa and references.
IONA Tl iubV}jAnq{RCRCl izbegbgF ztbjZB Around thousands of years BC, and hunting people of Saint-people (Bushmen) and in the systematic herding ethnic Koi carp (Hottentot: adsorption at the sound of talking but I do not know of one person) lived. A300`900NAZoc[nAAtJZB In addition, the 300-900 age, who lived close to the equator in the system of Bantu people were moved to the south, and the current will be living in South Africa.
15I1498NA |gKlogEEfBAXAtJ[]BB 15th century to be at the end of 1498, Portugal's BARUTOROMEU Diaz southern tip of the African continent, Cape of Good Hope to reach.
1652NI_ChEt@E[xbN]pnB 1652 in the Dutch East India Company's Jan van Riebeeck came to a relay station and the Cape of Good Hope. ]qCdv_B Cape of Good Hope on the voyage was an important attention is as a base. AI_AP[vAnB Since then, a growing number of Dutch immigrants, and the Cape colony. An`{[Al iBoer AtJ[Xu[lA{[AljngZNB The colony was formed in the Boer (BoerMIDE Afrikaans is also known as Boer, following reunification in Bohr) and the aboriginal territory dispute with the expansion occurred. AziB On the other hand, and their slaves and mixed race also advanced.
18II_Chz_ACMXlB 18 century will be the end of gold and diamonds for Veins target of the coming British. {[AlCMXlA 1795N CMXP[v^EB A confrontation between British and Boer, 1795 Britain Cape Town to the occupation.
19II_CMXnACMXlsB In the 19th century in the formal assignment to Britain from the Netherlands and the United Kingdom made a lot of people are immigrants. ppACMXi@xCMXeB The official language is English, the British judicial system will be introduced, such as the increasing influence of the United Kingdom. Ap{[AlAAtJ[i[i{[AlAtJ[i[jB Well, BohrSANAI English as a second-class citizens is discriminatory and self-AFURIKANA will be called (hereinafter referred to Bohr AFURIKANA people). zJp~AAtJ[i[_AnJni O[ggbN jB Slave labor is abolished, it was dependent on agriculture AFURIKANA Lord of the opposition, to move into the hinterland to start a large (GURETOTOREKKU). oc[nigX@[aIWRB Bantu-ethnic fighting and go to the inland TORANSUVARU Republic and the Orange Free State to build. CMX2{[AWA{[ACMXA{[AskASCMXB Britain and two from the opposition over the Boer War in the development, the first in the Boer War and both countries rejected the United Kingdom, the second defeat in the Boer War, and all of them also fall into the hands of the United Kingdom.
1910N 531A4BAtJAM i Union of South Africa jA pAtJ[i[mB 1910 May 31, a state Federation of South Africa (Union of South Africa) as an independent integration and the British Empire as a sovereign state within the autonomy to establish AFURIKANA. N1911NA zRlElElSIKAlJl@AzREJ@B After one year in 1911, mining in the white-black ratio between the number of job categories and generalized to a nationwide basis, for the protection of white workers in the first racial discrimination law, labor law will be mine . l@B It also established a number of racial discrimination by law.
A1948N}iAtJ[i[_ssnl}jA ApgwCgiluj{iIiB The National Party took power in 1948 (AFURIKANA white farmers and poor urban-based party), the apartheid policy (racial segregation policy) will be in full swing will be. ARcAtJl]ccRApgwCgAB UN protests and the African People's Council, a group of resistance to apartheid policies do not stop, it has rebounded. iwiA{[AgE}OsMwEBj (This background of the Boer War and what trauma to the deep-seated distrust of foreign countries are pointed out.)
1961NCMXlpAMEuAtJavAaB In 1961, accusations of racism in the United Kingdom by Commonwealth countries to withdraw from the "Republic of South Africa" changed to the Republic. A{ll_lAAtJ{AtJ[B On the other hand, Japan is not a white man in spite of whites treated as honorary whites and the South African government and South African companies and will have deep ties.
1980NA^AIoAAtJenApgwCg^B 1980 generations, the fiercely anti-government movement, and by international economic sanctions, anti-apartheid movement in South Africa increased around. 1990NApgwCgA@p~Al@SpB 1990 is finally their abolition of apartheid-related laws, the laws of racial discrimination to determine phased out.
1970N1980N6jEzA jgUh~OSj1993N\B 6 from the 1980s through the 1970s nuclear weapons secretly and in the manufacture and deployment of the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty member before that all had been destroyed in 1993, said.
1994N 4ASlQI{AtJc iANCjB In April 1994, to participate in all-race general elections are conducted by African National Congress (ANC) victory. l\E}fcACB Nelson Mandela to chair the president took office. AANC^[{ExL}}fN[NACB Vice-President, ANC turbo Mbeki and the National Party leader DEKURAKU appointed the former president. CMXAMAAB British Commonwealth and return to the United Nations. V@cnB The new constitution of the constituent assembly begins to build. 1996NV@B The new constitution adopted in 1996. }EB Withdraw from the Kuomintang regime.
ApgwCgPp21IARliRAApgwCgiovlB Is the abolition of apartheid in the 21st century is still racial disparity between the unemployment rate was the reason for not eliminate the disparities in the level of education apartheid was created to be the most significant factors. ApgwCgPpAApAJlSNwmAApgwCg@AYBJApsEB Abolition of apartheid, the same day, gained employment as the right to equality, then the center of the working population and level of education of young people already had confirmed differences between the apartheid era and the opportunity to receive education The public did not, such as miners, and unstable employment in industries not only look for a job. zRisAYzJppsAllvB By mines and commodity prices, employment or dismissal of miners and they frequently do, and the unemployment rate for blacks compared to whites it's very high up in the statistics is the result. Pp12NoAAlElikB But after more than 12 years after the abolition of the education cycle that generation, a black man in the white unemployment rate gap is shrinking. {APJITZpZpJvOpAXLAbvwB In addition, IT professionals from entry-level workers, such as the development of technology, such as worker education programs available to the people we are up skills. AA liA\eikAAhgD_B The problem of unemployment, racial unemployment rate gap, said dozens of each of the tribes to reduce disparities between such policies are expected to be a high crime rate, many extremists also active in the organization And that it can not be denied.
AtJ[uA i~rA A {ci A WouG A Ur[N A XWhA \gB African continent, located at the southernmost tip, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Swaziland and borders, Lesotho is surrounded. mAChmB Southwest of the South Atlantic, facing the south comes from the eastern Indian Ocean are facing.
103 A~58B Summer in October and March, and in winter from May to August. nANCrIgB There are regional differences, but the relatively warm climate all year round sunshine in a long time.
ACOnxCB However, except for coastal regions because of the high-latitude countries rather than the low temperature. SCA~0x15xA2040xB The average temperature in the entire country, from 0 degrees to 15 degrees in winter, summer and 20-40 degrees is the difference. n~C0xA hPXo[ORRR~B High-altitude inland degrees below zero temperatures in winter can get in the Drakensberg mountains like the snow at the top of the mountain as well. CxA gUr[NCgB The eastern coast of the low altitude, the warm Mozambique current flowing to the warm. CxQCeCB The western shore of the cold currents of the Benguela Current temperatures in the less affected are not forthcoming.
JG113B The rainy season from November Mar.. J~B Rains in the east and west more different. GeJ~ACnCCA C~JB The eastern monsoon rains in the summer on the southwest coast of the so-called Mediterranean climate, low pressure moving through a lot of rain in the winter. ~JsB The amount of rainfall from east to west in accordance with fewer.
ksAnB North of the southern hemisphere so hot and so is likely to go to the inland plateau region that is not so hot.
AtJaB A AtJanQ For details, the state of the Republic of South Africa, Republic of South Africa's municipalities browse each
AtJ}@\`1B Africa is also one of the few functioning multi-party democratic system is one of the nation. c@AC5NSB]c i90A@j c i400A@j\AccIoi^{ExLACjB Parliament chambers system, and the five-year term of office of the National Council of State (90 in the Senate) National Assembly (400, the House of Representatives) is composed of the heads of state and president of the National Assembly will be elected by the decision of the (now Thabo Mbeki is inaugurated as the president).
spA@{P[v^Esss As{clss ivgAjAi@{u[tHe[uB Metropolitan compound system has been adopted, the legislature is the city of Cape Town metropolitan area, the administration is TSUWANE metropolitan area (Pretoria), the judiciary Bloemfontein have been placed.
ApgwCgPp3xI{AApgwCgAtJc iANCj7[B After the abolition of apartheid in the election held three times in the apartheid struggle was led by the African National Congress (ANC) in a victory over 70 percent of the vote is close. AtJ[i[xhx iUAjA NY[[Ei^[BnCJ^R} iIFPjA^}E}ANC}gD^ iUDMjASc7ANCB AFURIKANA and a support base in the liberal Democratic Union (UA), Natal KUWAZURU to the ground and the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP), the former ruling party Kuomintang and the ANC was organized by the defection of United Democratic Movement ( UDM) continues, more than 70 percent of all seats are filled with the ANC.
| } For the parties | SB]ci@j National Council of States (Senate) | ci@j National Assembly (lower house) |
|---|---|---|
| AtJciANCj African National Congress (ANC) | 36 | 279 |
| iUAj Democratic Alliance (UA) | 10 Ten | 50 |
| CJ^R}iIFPj Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) | 3 Three | 28 |
| ^iUDMj United Democratic Movement (UDM) | 1 One | 9 Nine |
| h Spectrum | 4 Four | 34 |
| icj Other (special representative) | 36 | - -- |
| v Total | 90 | 400 |
sSnvgAiclsssjB Pretoria is the administrative center (TSUWANE City metropolitan area). s{AtgDB Concurrently as the head of the presidential administration and cabinet organization.
1994Nu@AMORi@xB In 1994, the Constitutional Court was established, led by the Supreme Court and the judicial system of three-court system.
_{A AkAA A A r AvB{agriculture, corn, citrus and other fruits, wheat, sugar, wool, hides and leather.
z A _Ch A v`i A E A Sz A Y A A N A }K A B Mining gold, diamonds, platinum, uranium, iron ore, coal, copper, chromium, manganese, asbestos. YoB Oil is not producing.
HHi A S A w A @ A B Industry, food, steel, chemical, textile, automobile, etc.. LxzAEYoB Boasts rich mineral resources, particularly gold producer in the world, half of the amount. LxYwiN[K[hsAiB Power of this rich background to the gold-gold KURUGARANDO had been issued, as currently limited to only a few are sold.
NA _C[ENCX[A _[osHB In recent years, DaimlerChrysler, the Durban car manufacturing plant in the city. ZfXExc CNXEnhEoJnB Mercedes-Benz C-class right-hand steering wheel of a car factory started production. A{CMXAoB These vehicles, mostly exported to Japan and the United Kingdom. BMW A tHNX[QYAo_HuB The BMW, Volkswagen and Nissan Motor Co. as the country's export base also is home to the factory. A_C|[gGUxX These bases on the East Coast POTOERIZABESU there are a lot of
GDP2005N5.1 6N5.0% [7]B GDP growth rate of 5.1 percent in 2005, 2006, 5.0% [7] and have continued to grow steadily. {AtJhOai`Cs A LsX^_[h`[^[hsC[oNs4sB ZAR now built in Japan's foreign currency deposits are the product of the Hong Kong Shanghai Bank, Hiroshima Bank, Ltd. and Standard Chartered Bank and Bank of IBANKU four lines.
pAtJ[X A p A ogD[ i Y[[ A RT A yfB[ A \g A XW A fx A cHK A ci A F_ j11B The official language Afrikaans, English, Bantu languages (Zulu, the language Kosa, PEDI language, Sotho, Swazi, South Ndebele, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda language) in 11 languages. lbtbY[[l22%xB Many people in the country's most spoken language is spoken in the eastern Zulu is about 22 percent of the national population ratio. AtJ[XI_AnI_ntZLnbB Afrikaans the Dutch colonial era Dutch and local fusion of the words in the language spoken in the western region is vast. bAeA CMXAnypIpgB Spoken by the majority of the tribes that are not language, the language of each tribe is different, the British colonial era has spread to the English language played a role in the National Assembly also is used in English.
ll (77%)A l (9.5%)A J[h iA9%jAChni j (3%)B Racial proportion of blacks (77 percent), whites (9.5 percent), colored (mixed race, 9 percent), Indians (overseas Indian) (3%). lACMXnAtJ[i[B Many of the white, British and AFURIKANA to be divided.
@8LXgAcqhD[ A CXB Religious people, 80 percent Christian, and the rest of Hinduism, Islam and so on. _M@B Jewish believers and non-religious minorities also exist.
HIVzA15`49HIV21.5%(2004 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic (UNAIDS/WHO))ADYwHIV29.5%(2005 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic (UNAIDS/WHO))A4`5l1lHIVB HIV-positive rate is unusually high for 15 to 49-year-old HIV infection rate of 21.5% (2004 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic (UNAIDS / WHO)), maternal HIV infection rate of 29.5% (2005 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic (UNAIDS / WHO)) and the public in about four or five at a rate of one person is infected with HIV. GCYA2010NS40\zB By the spread of AIDS by 2010, the overall national average life expectancy below 40 years old is expected to decline. oHlijAqeB As an adult infection route of the infection by sex (unusual for the crime of rape in the rate of infection of more than a few), and from mother to child at the time of the fetus is a lot of UTSUSA.
HIVI80NAuRh[gvf}zAFlA10OlHIVP[XB The explosion of HIV infected patients has increased in the 1980s, "virginity and sexual intercourse without a condom if you can cure" for spreading malicious rumors that the non-white populations, especially blacks still a teenage girl in the first half of HIV From patients infected cases of rape are prone to infection.
nlXuOAtJssAElAAAElAB Johannesburg in South Africa as well as other cities, murder, robbery, rape, robbery-murder, drug trafficking and other heinous crimes are multiple day and night. El111.30/10l{110{B Attempted murder, including the only cases 111.30 / 100,000 and Japan is about 110 times. AEB In violent crime across the board than the world average crime rate is unusually high.
AtJvi2007N73AtJx@\jA2006N3`2007N319200EliONv2.4%jB Crime Statistics South Africa (2007 South Africa on July 3 police announced), according to the March 2006 - March 2007 to about 10,000 in the 9200 murder cases occurred (2.4% year-on-year increase compared to statistics). 153lEQvZA1350B 1, 2007 by about 53 people were killed on the basis of the crime of the day about 350 the number of robbery cases occurred in the family. 7eegp\B More than 70 percent of them in a gun and a revolver that was used to be announced. ASeO[vAx@P[XB In all, an automatic rifle at a group of armed robbers, a policeman at the scene to deal with difficult cases. CSSOP[XAB In addition to criminal cases, do not hesitate to shoot at all, is extremely dangerous. 123.85/10liAItBX(UNODC)jAEi{123{jB 123.85 incidence of rape cases / 10 million (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)) and the incidence of the worst in the world (about 123 times higher than in Japan). Ao\zAIXvB For information about rape, not yet discovered a number of cases is expected to present a potential high incidence is probably more.
hgDEeOB Organized crime and terrorism by the extremists are concerned.
m[xwifBES[fB}[ A JEMENbcF[B Nobel Literature Prize-winning writer Nadine Gordimer, J M Coetzee are.
AtJaA lXREYXgo^Y4A RY3A Y1B South Africa in the country, the UNESCO's world heritage list: the cultural heritage items that the natural heritage of three, mixed heritage is 1. A AtJaEYQB For more information, a world heritage of the Republic of South Africa refer to.
CV}K\n - (1999NARY) ISHIMANGARISO Wetland Park - (1999, Natural Heritage) | X^[NtHeAX[gNYANhCynlQ - (1999NAY) SUTAKUFONTEN, SUWATOKURANZU, dry and the surrounding areas Chromium fossilized remains of mankind - (1999, Culture and Heritage) | x - (1999NAY) Robben Island - (1999, Culture and Heritage) | ENno/hPXxANR - (2000NAY) UKUHARANBA / DORAKENSUBEAKU Nature Park - (2000, mixed heritage) |
}vOuGIi - (2003NAY) Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape - (2003, Culture and Heritage) | P[vAnnnQ - (2004NARY) Cape floristic region of protected areas in the region - (2004, Natural Heritage) | tftH[gEh[ - (2005NARY) FUREDEFOTO Dome - (2005, Natural Heritage) | t^XtFgIEAIi - (2007NAY) RIFUTASUFERUTO plant's cultural landscape - (2007, the Cultural Heritage) |
| j Holidays | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t Date | {\L Japanese notation | n\L Local language conventions | l Notes | |||
| 11 January 1st | New Year's Day | New Year's Day New Year's Day | ||||
| 321 March 21 | l Human Rights Day | Human Rights Day Human Rights Day | ||||
| j Move Holidays | j Good Friday | Good Friday Good Friday | ||||
| j Move Holidays | j Easter Monday | Easter Monday Easter Monday | ||||
| 412 April 12, 2007 | Family's | Family Day Family Day | ||||
| 427 April 27, | R Freedom Day | Freedom Day Freedom Day | ||||
| 51 May 1st | [f[ Mayday | Workers' Day Workers' Day | ||||
| 616 June 16, | N Youth Day | Youth Day Youth Day | ||||
| 89 August 9th | Women's Day | National Women's Day National Women's Day | ||||
| 924 September 24 | `p Inheritance of traditional culture, | Heritage Day Heritage Day | ||||
| 1216 December 16th | a Day of Reconciliation | Day of Reconciliation Day of Reconciliation | ||||
| 1225 December 25th | NX}X Christmas | Christmas Day Christmas Day | ||||
| 1226 December 26 | eP Day of Goodwill | Day of Goodwill Day of Goodwill | ||||
AtJaX|[cQ Details of the Republic of South Africa's sports reference
CMXOr[ATbJ[lCA[bpnSStejXDB British colonial period was brought to rugby and soccer are popular, mainly in European golf and tennis enthusiasts often. Or[1995NOr[[hJbvJA\`[i XvO{NX jJDB Rugby in particular the 1995 Rugby World Cup host countries and their national team (SUPURINGUBOKUSU) won the host nation brilliantly. Or[[hJbv2007NtXDB Rugby World Cup 2007 in France to win the tournament.
2010NA FIFA[hJbvJAAtJJA1995NOr[[hJbvJxAJ^B In 2010, FIFA World Cup to be held to decide which will be held for the first time in Africa, held at the Rugby World Cup in 1995, compared to the extreme because of deteriorating security, a safe place The question is are you.
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