
w iA p : degree jA w@wp]@ACwp\^Kh_B Degree (degree, in English: degree) and, in the evaluation and academic institutions of the state and higher education institutions and universities or research results based on the ability of the academic to the equivalent or graduates in the education of Another honors class say the title will be awarded.
wAIAw@PC_MwC^AEIp@IFwpB Degree, in general, the Master is awarded for results based on the research and writing papers or acquire units in higher education institutions such as universities, academic lawful title to world-class . wAuwmwvAiwFIilA wilB Degree, especially "bachelor's degree", and may be misinterpreted as a public recognition of university qualifications or national qualifications, with a degree qualification is not considered.
wNA 14I[bpwEiNAwph_WA wAwpI^h_WwB The origin and meaning of a degree, and 14 as the origin to qualify as a professor at universities in Europe for centuries, developed as a title of honor for academic achievement and performance in academic work in the region, ie, academic achievement Today saw the establishment as a degree of development as the title was awarded to honor. As@iwj^wpB Today, higher education institutions to (and universities) are ranked in the top academic award. Ew@BAJOA IwxAJOBB The USA is a graduate of the early development in the world system of modern degree is said to have first developed in the USA.
A2w_ufBO[ACm2_u}X^[B The two have to say that DABURUDIGURI degrees or more, a master's degree in particular, where the master is called a double to get one. ww@CisWAw@Cw@wB In a related degree is part of the Graduate School graduate qualifications, graduates of the School was acquired by means of a limited degree and graduate courses. Aw@CmAEwAmwAwgwOwwC\_ufBO[EvOwCmZpCOmfBO[EvOAw@CiwB However, in today's graduate master's degree, professional degree courses, in addition to establish a doctoral degree, the degree program and will also acquire DABURUDIGURI university degree in other universities, especially foreign partner universities learn the curriculum and the program can only acquire NONDIGURI have a strong commitment to knowledge and technology can not replace, are changing the way the degree of completion of graduate qualifications.
A[bp{[j{[jEvZXwiB However, in Europe and is currently being tried in the same degree by the Bologna Process under the Bologna Declaration.
Adoctorate degreeimwjAmaster's degreeiCmwjAbachelor degreeiwmwjA associate degreeiwjFirst-Professional DegreeiEwjB Large, doctorate degree (doctorate), master's degree (Master's degree), bachelor degree (Bachelor degree), associate degree (associate degree) and First-Professional Degree (first professional degree). nAXwxQlAdoctorate degreeimwjAmaster's degreeiCmwjAbachelor degreeiwmwj3wAXwB This system, many other countries have been making reference to the degree of their system, especially the doctorate degree (doctorate), master's degree (Master's degree), bachelor degree (Bachelor degree) degree in one of three For many countries are there in the same degree. {wxAAJOxB The degree of Japan's current system, said to be largely similar to the system of the United States. AAJwMAi Master of Arts FwCmAwpCmjlwIwAMBAi Master of Business Administration F ocwCm jlEIwA]B The American Degree MA (Master of Arts: Master of Arts and Master of Science) and the like, such as academic degree, MBA (Master of Business Administration: Master of Business Administration) is divided into professional degree and, like each and expectations of the approximate in different evaluation. AuwrWlXvAwpArWlXAwI]\i fBv}~EFZx jB The U.S. business "degree" and called, not based on scientific research, business and tradetitle lost ground, has highlighted the reality of fraud and the high degree of social evaluation ( school system certification DIPUROMAMIRU).
CMXAewnwB The United Kingdom is set to name the type and degree of their own universities and regions. PubWwIbNXtH[hwMAiMaster of ArtsjAwwow^Aw@wB University of Oxford and Cambridge, for example MA (Master of Arts) are given a certain period of time to graduate from the Faculty of undergraduate enrollment in graduate degree. XRbghwAwMaster of ArtsACmCBachelor of Arts^B Some universities in Scotland, the Faculty Master of Arts graduates, a Master's degree Bachelor of Arts has been awarded.
AXRbghOnw3NIwm(bachelors degree)B In general, however, outside of Scotland in the department to complete a bachelor's degree in three-year program (bachelors degree) gained. Dwihonours degreejwiordinary degreejB It honors degree (honours degree) and the general degree (ordinary degree) have. XRbghA4NIDw^B In Scotland, meanwhile, are awarded a degree with honors in the years to finish the course. Cmimasters degreejwm1`2Nw@CAmidoctoratejwm3NnIF^B Master's degree (masters degree) in the BA in 1-2 years to finish a graduate program, PhD (doctorate) at least three after the BA is awarded in recognition of innovative research . ARA_wIHigher DoctorateimjwB Also, be judged by the published research results, an honorary degree Higher Doctorate (Ph.D., senior) have a degree.
OAcertificatediplomawEiB In addition, certificate and diploma to degree or professional qualification in many called. wm1`2NCuwmvuCmvIiB Who does not have a bachelor's degree and get a 1-2 finish a course of "Associate" and "quasi-Master" is the title character.
hCcAMaAxAfBv[}MX^[wB The Federal Republic of Germany has a unique system has been established that the degree of originality and DIPUROMU MAGISUTA. AiWwsAAJOwxnB However, because of the inconvenience and will also progress with a unique degree of internationalization, which has been established as a degree-USA system. yw|pnwuwv|pAumvw^AORN[uwvB The University of Art and College of Music but the "degree" as it led to deterioration in the quality of the artists themselves and then, only exam still "she" and not given a degree, the competition outside history and the "degree" shall be deemed to be equivalent to a trend.
tXwxADiplôme Universitaire de TechnologieADiplôme dfEtudes Universitaires GénéralesADiplôme dfEtudes Universitaires Scientifiques et TechniquesALicenceAMaîtriseADiplôme d'études supérieures spécialiséesADiplôme d'études approfondiesAMagistèreADoctoratwB France has a degree in their own system, Diplôme Universitaire de Technologie, Diplôme d'Etudes Universitaires Générales, Diplôme d'Etudes Universitaires Scientifiques et Techniques, Licence, Maîtrise, Diplôme d'études supérieures spécialisées, Diplôme d'études approfondies, Magistère, Doctorat there is a degree.
VAwxA2B Russia's current system of degree, which are mixed. \AwAt{ ~p{ih[NgEiE[NGmjA{p~tytp ~p{iJW_[gEiE[NGmjB A degree from the Soviet era, t{ ~p{ (NAUKU DOKUTORU; Dr.), {p~tytp ~p{ (NAUKU KANJIDATO; Dr. quasi) cited. {p~tytp ~p{Ph.D.Ct{ ~p{{umvwB {p~tytp ~p{ a Ph.D. for the equivalent, t{ ~p{ is Japan, "he" would be equivalent to the degree above. Awi5NjAiFt^ity|}yrp~~z uyp|yjB The University of normal (5 years) for those who graduated, was awarded a diploma with certification of professional credentials (ty|}yrp~~z uyp|y). AVwxA4Nwqp{p|prioJ[GwmjA6Nw}psyi}M[XgGCmjw^B The new degree system, the four-year university graduate qp{p|pr (BAKARAVURU; Bachelor), who graduated from six-year }psy (MAGISUTORU; master's degree) are awarded a degree.
{wZ@wAu m vu Cm vu Ew vu wm vu Zwm v5B The degree based on the law school in Japan now, "Dr.", "Master" and "professional degree" and "Bachelor" and "Bachelor College" in five categories.
EIOwAb^AhTA KEKEMEEh_B Degree before the end of World War II is to be awarded the title of Minister of Education, with honors, but the so-called, was the title of laureate was called by Hitoshi Isao Isao class and dignity and class rank. wAww^@\^B Degrees are awarded to organizations or university degree. wOCAPuwvA{AumwvwB Today the increase in graduates and university graduates to the public is simply a "degree" and said, meaning that, unlike "doctorate" often refers to.
wAwpI_MvB To get a degree, was that the rule will be required to write an academic paper that the original results. mwAw_oAyRi^B Doctorate, the paper claims submitted degree largely still to be awarded by the examination and pass. CmwA_oKvA_o`tB Even a master's degree, the curriculum does not require the submission of papers, but many courses are required to submit papers. AwmEwA_oK{B However, in a professional degree or undergraduate degree, and many courses are not required to submit papers.
L5OwmmAAew^_mwZ@wKA@_wB 5 above title and certified specialist and Associate except one, and are not defined as a degree in law school and be awarded an honorary doctorate title to their own universities, the law is the title of honorary degree . @wEIpA{pB Degree in law is to guarantee the work world, this title shall be valid only in Japan only.
{A 1878Nww^iwmj^AwA@wmEwmEwmEwmEm5wB In Japan, the 1878 award of the degree, University of Tokyo in the year (bachelor's degree) is granted, the University of Tokyo, the second largest pharmaceutical Bachelor of Science Degree Bachelor of Medicine Bachelor of Arts degree and a law governing 5. AHwZDy_wZw^B At the time, was awarded the degree the Sapporo Agricultural College and the College of Engineering Department also. 12NwpwDwpB^KvsIAwm@nB The year 1879 is designed to conduct business as necessary to contribute to the development of incentives for academic scientists outstanding academic achievements on the Education Ministry, the Academy was founded.
1886Nw i19N3jzA1887Nw i20N13jzB Ordinance 1886 Imperial University in the year (in 1886, the royal decree No. 3) is issued, the 1887 decree degree next year (in 1887 the royal decree No. 13) was issued. wA{sA mmw^B This degree is in order, to the constant research and education in Japan has decided to award a doctoral degree or doctorate. wxxRA{wAEfB The system itself is derived from a degree of Western systems, for designation as a degree in Japanese, is the model name that office under the old regime. mxuA wmcq{wmRB He is the official name was placed in the officialmade based on the Chinese dynastic system, derived from the Bachelor of Crown Prince was the Director of Education of the Crown Prince also called Bachelor.
1886NAwwgOV jV@c]iAJ[AwwmnB In 1886, the strategic anabasis senior officials Baron@cwas Katou Hiroyuki He first was reorganized as the University of Tokyo Imperial University, and the inception of the opening of the thank-you party was founded by graduates of Bachelor of University .
1887NzwAemRoA^b^B The 1887 decree was issued to a degree, after a screening of each doctor, which was awarded the Minister of Education awarded the rights. w^wmuB Bachelor's degree was awarded to this university was to be regarded as a title. 1887Nw1991NwZ@wKAwmwB Degree in 1887 from a 1991 decree issued by the revision of laws and rules education degree, bachelor's degree was not treated as a title.
w1898Ni31N344jAwA @wm A wm A wm A Hwm A wm A wm A _wm A wmA bwm9B Degree Ordinance 1898 was amended a year (in 1898, the royal decree No. 344), degree, Doctor of Law, MD, Ph.D. Pharmacy, Doctor of Engineering, Dr. literature, Ph.D., Ph.D., and Dr. forestry, Doctor of Veterinary of the nine species. 1886Nwmw^1lAmwAmwB 1886 who was awarded a doctoral degree in a large degree of order is determined by a person without a degree of Doctor of the University, has been integrated into the doctorate. Aw^EDRmRc@i mK F31N345jB The Council decided to entrust the Organization of the doctoral degrees awarded to review the divestiture (Rules Committee Dr.: 1898 years of royal decree No. 345).
ij]MjwmkOY (Cases) in accordanceMjwmkOY
1906NwpAwm@wm@gB In 1906 to enhance the academic, was reorganized as the Institute of the Imperial Academy. 1911N 4{wpIwm@nB 1911 In April, the inception of the Imperial Academy Award Empire Awards for achievement and to improve the academic achievements of Japan. N11wm@nA{wEixAB Also in November the same year established a prize Imperial Academy, the academic world to help promote the development of Japan, it was a great award. 1920NAwi9N200jAw^wAmxp~B 1920 year, the amendment of Decree degree (royal decree of 1920, No. 200), and was moved back to the university the right degree, Doctor of the system was abolished.
AOwZA mt^xB Back to Schoolsome prewar had a system that granted the title of Certified.
EaRNnwZiEwj{wZA]wmAmw^B Showa three cases dentist Tokyo High School was founded in the year (the current Tokyo Medical and Dental University) was a school for the first time in Japandentist, I do not like the name of the traditional bachelor dentist, a dental graduates that was awarded a Bachelor Degree.
EA{SxvwZ@Awp~B After World War II, the School Education Law was enacted by the overall reform of Japan, the degree decree was repealed. wxAwZ@ia22N@26j{swKB Degree system, the School Education Law (1947 Law No. 26) and was based on the degree of regulation and enforcement ministerial ordinance. wp1947Nwm@{wm@gB The academic environment of the post-war changes in 1947 for the Imperial Academy of Science has now led to the reorganization in the Japan Academy. gwm@{wm@Awm@{wm@B Empire of the Imperial Academy Award This award reorganized Imperial Japan Academy Award Academy Empire was also renamed the Japan Academy Prize.
1953NAwKia28N419jzA{wAmwCmwnA{w2B 1953 year, the rule degree (in April 1953, a Ministry of Education Ordinance No. 9) was promulgated, the degree of Japan, was founded by a master's degree and a doctorate in the meantime, Japan's Degree and was significantly different. ~A{w@ACmEmOiWCN2N)AmiWCN3NjAPCAw_vmCmw^B Since then, a graduate of Japan, Graduate Master Course (the standard two-year term of study), PhD (standard three-year term of study) and the credits given to learn, to meet the other requirements of the dissertation was to be awarded a master's or doctoral degree for. wp1956N A{wm@@{wm@{wpcB The academic environment in 1956, and Japan Academy by the Japan Academy Law was separating from the Science Council of Japan.
1986NAlAlUwKKvAww^@nB In 1986, values, increasing the need for lifelong learning for the arrival of an aging society and the diversification of living was to examine proposals for the creation of institutions that grant degrees in addition to the university. A 1991Nw{@w^@\is@l w]Ew^@\ jnA hqwZ A hqwZ A YwZ A CwZ A CwZ A E\JwZ A wZ7 wZAwCZwEwZUwCsZwEwZECwZA@\RoA@\w^B The 1991 Organization degree institutions such as the facilities of the Ministry of Education a year (National Institution for Academic Degrees, Japan now) was founded, the National Defense Academy, National Defense Medical College, fisheries college, a large maritime security School, College of Meteorology, University of comprehensive development of vocational skills, the College of Nursing, National 7 and graduated from the University departments, colleges in the Master of the College of Graduate School and College of the university degree courses professional school courses for graduates of vocational technical college, after a review of the mechanism was to be awarded a degree from the organization.
A1991NwZ@AuwmvuwmwvXA{wwmwAwmACmAm3B The 1991 amendment of the law school of the year, "baccalaureate" "bachelor's degree" is changing, and the additional degree of bachelor's degree in Japan, bachelor, master's and doctoral 3. A1991NwZ@A ZwwZwmt^B In addition, the 1991 revision of the law school of the year, and be granted the title of Associate who graduated from a technical college or junior college. @AwmAwZ@wmwB The Supplementary Provisions Act, a bachelor until it is treated as a title is considered a bachelor of law degree in education after the revision.
1994NAAwZ@wZiwZ@1KwZA 1wZ jCwZ i wZ jCm^B In 1994, the Education Ministry notice, but the law school education (School Education Act, a school based on the provisions of Article 1 of the school) in the course of the professional schools have vocational (technical schools) and professional graduated from the was awarded the title to the train. 2003N AxEl{_A@{@w@SA Ew@uFB In 2003, in terms of highly trained professional people, especially the Law School, the training of legal professionals, approved the establishment of graduate professionals. AEw@{xEl_AmwCmwOwnB Initially, the graduate training of professional researchers in terms of advanced training with professional people, there were moves to establish a third-degree Master's degree is not a doctorate.
RcCmwumvijVwuc_AIIOwwAwZ@uwbwvKEwB To get a master's degree in China and South Korea in the process of deliberation in the decision of the designation "Seoksa" (SEKISHI) the controversy over who should have a degree in a new name and, ultimately, the thirdwTARU degree of power for the practice, the law school "established by the Minister of Education degree" and referred to a professional degree based on the situation in their respective fields on the provisions. IRcoAwK@w@Cu @miEj vAEw@CuCmiEjvEw^B The specific name on it, through the Council, the Law School graduates in the degree rules, "Juris Doctor (professional)", the graduate school graduates and other professionals " Master (profession)" it was awarded a professional degree.
A ZwIw^iARc\oAVu Zwm vwnB At present, efforts to consider grant degrees to match the international standards to graduate from the college, after a report of the Central Council for Education, the new "Bachelor College" has been established by the degree .
wU\A wwuywKA 1991N i3NjOAUuwCmvuwmv^A1991Ni3Nj~AuwmiUjvuCmiUjvumiUjvUtL`^B How to represent the fields of study in degree, diploma standards and rules established in the University Ordinance Ministry of Education, 1991 in the past, the major specified " Master" " Ph.D." was awarded, a 1991 or later, "Bachelor (majors)," "Master (majors)," "Dr. (major)" will be awarded in the form of their major Administrivia As the amendment.
A Ew@C^wAEwAumvuCmvB The degree is given to those who finish a graduate profession, is a professional degree and, usually, "he" or "Master" and I shall be separate. AwKULwA2B The name of the degree of state regulation on degree majors, the next two.
AwKAw\L^ww]Ew^@\tLB The degree of regulation is to append the name of the National Institution for Academic Degrees were awarded at a university or a degree notation. wtLdwKLAPuw^AwpAYw^ws@lw]Ew^@\tLB viwK11jKB Administrivia University and how this degree rule is not clear, simply "was awarded a degree, when using the name of the degree, diploma or university and University Evaluation Agency has awarded such a degree Administrivia to be awarded the title of the mechanism. "(Article 11 degree rule) is only provided for. AwtL\L@B Therefore, how to describe the University of Administrivia has not been uniform. AAwwKtL@KAIimOCmEwmEEwEZwmBjB However, the rules of a college degree is about Administrivia provisions, specifically include the following (the same college Bachelor Degree Master's degree other than a professional doctor.).
wAww]Ew^@\wL^iw^jwLt^B Diploma, degree awarding institutions record or University Academic Degrees (commencement) is to be awarded a degree at least to issue a record.
A wX[Lbv A KEwt[h^wB Examples of the Western model, cap with a bunch called wX, the University made a grant of food that degree chapter called robe and gown. AwL^Aw^wB Moreover, only during the graduation ceremony and record degree, university degree or rent a chapter robe.
{4NwwmwAxmt^ZCwZxmA^B In Japan, who graduated from the four-year bachelor's degree, who graduated from a course of vocational schools specializingZTARU granted the title of licensed professional engineer specializing in high altitude, will be awarded. X2N3NZwZwmwAwZwmACwZm^B Two or three more years in the college's second-year college degree, College of the title of Associate, specialized courses in vocational schools will be awarded the title of professional engineer.
wApLAxfAiHZwmEwmEm4Nww3NwB The degree and the title, but that the difference between acceptable and whether or not the international level as a program is considered to be the same, licensed professional engineer Associate College together in the course of the subsequent four-year University Faculty of Science may be incorporated into the first grade. Awyxmt^ZCwZAw@CmyEwwiFB In addition, graduates of vocational schools and facultiesZTARU granted advanced professional engineer, accepted for admission to Master's degree course and graduate professionals. A2Ny3Nw@CmimOjEwi@w@yEw@j@|F\Aw@mimjwiFB The 2-year and three-year Master's Graduate School (Master's Course) and a professional degree course (Graduate Law School, and other professionals) and the difference is the ability to certify the purpose of educational institutions, but Both doctoral graduate (PhD) to be certified for admission.
F^wy Curriculum Education: Degree and title to be awarded
wAB 's degree, the title.
mA1887NwAmwuAb^A^1p~B About Dr. Major, 1887, in order of degree, is in the degree of Doctor, which had been awarded to the Minister of Education, awarded the cases were still not even abolished.
m i hN^[ jwA{wB Dr. (Doctor) degree, the highest-level degrees in Japan. w@mimjCAw@_o\FAYw^iOm A_mjB Graduate (Ph.D.) graduates who were found to have a capacity equivalent to graduate school or by submitting papers will be awarded by the University (Doctor of course the former, and Dr. latter paper call). AhqwZmhqwZwCAs@lw]Ew^@\_oyRoA@\^B For graduates of the National Defense Medical College and Graduate School of Medicine Graduate School of National Defense Academy in doctoral program, after the examination papers and submit to the National Institution for Academic Degrees Agency, will be awarded by the organization . mimjCAww_oA RiB PhD (doctorate) to complete a dissertation submitted to the university must pass the examination. mw^^@i^ww]Ew^@\jwoAA^@tAmb1234XXubvA_m1234XXuvtB When he was awarded the degree awarded agencies (National Institution for Academic Degrees and University awarded) are due to report to the Ministry of Education, in this case, the serial number for each agency would have awarded, courses The Curse of Dr. No. 1234XX as "Gap", the paper is Dr. B 1234XX issue as "B" is attached. A^@swLKubvEuvLA^@tB However, the degree to record is not necessarily awarded certificates of "armor" and "B" and that this distinction is not limited, by the award is to have the serial number is attached to each other.
Cm i }X^[ jAmwmuw@xwB MA (Master), a graduate degree in the middle of Doctor Degree. w@CmimOjC^B Master's Graduate School (Master's Course) will be awarded to those who graduate. AhqwZmOAwZAYwZAE\JwZCAs@lw]Ew^@\_oARoA@\^B The Master Course, Graduate School of National Defense Academy, the College of Nursing Research, National Course, Graduate School of fisheries college, graduated from a course for the University of comprehensive research and development of occupational skills, the Academic Degrees Agency Papers submitted to the Organization, after the examination will be awarded by the organization.
EwAEw@C^wB Degree professionals, the degree will be awarded to those who finish a graduate profession. @w@Cu@miEjvAOEw@CuCmiEjvw^B The graduates of the Law School "Juris Doctor (professional)", to finish a graduate of any other profession " Master (profession)" will be awarded a degree. EwAw@wmECm3wACmimOjAmECmwB Professional degree, graduate degree is one of the three different masters and doctoral degrees, master's degree program is (Master Course) is deemed to be equal to a master's degree and doctorate research is sensitive.
wmAwwCvPFA wZ ihqwZ{AhqwZwACwZ{ACwZwAwZwAYwZ{AE\JwZjs@lw]Ew^@\\AZwwZ@wKCPCAw]w^@\wLF^wB Bachelor, who was admitted to graduate and get a ride brought the course of a given unit of the University Faculty, University Ministries ({National Defense Academy, the school doctorhqwDepartment, Japan Coast Guard Academy{, University Weather University Department, Faculty of Nursing College of Nursing National{fisheries college, University Curriculum comprehensive long-term occupational skills) applied to the National Institution for Academic Degrees and graduated Agency, graduated from college or technical college given to acquire the unit brought a constant learning in higher education even after the degrees are awarded to those who were found to have more than equal to the achievement of college graduates by the National Institution for Academic Degrees. wmwwYwAw]Ew^@\^B Bachelor's degree for university graduates from the university, and the others to be awarded by the National Institution for Academic Degrees. pbachelorio`F[gEjA{IB In English bachelor (with a bachelor's bachelor bachelor) is called in Japan, this is a general designation.
ZwmAZw^wB Certified College, degrees are awarded to graduates of the College.
@uwmvA wumvAew^u_mvLB As is required by law, "Associate", as is provided for in the notification of the Ministry of Education "professional engineer" in which the original award to other universities, "Dr. honor" and famous there is. AwywB , Which describes the title similar to a similar degree and diploma title.
