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Meiji

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{j Japan's history

O}i{CCj Battleship Mikasa bridge (Battle of the Sea of Japan)
A A HR From left to right: Kato, Togo, Akiyama

\ E m[g E W E Note Edit

ijA {B Meiji (alliance), a Japanese era name of the. cA OB Keio after the Taisho before. N11 i 1868N 125 j1912N i45N/Nj 730wB Meiji Era on January 1, (January 1868 25) from 1912 (1912 / Taisho Era) July 30, 2006 refers to the period. VcvB Emperor Meiji period and nearly matching the throne. Aoc 4N98 i1868N1023 jAN11kNB However, the actual was issued in September 1868 8 (1868 Oct 23), the same year, retroactively to January 1, and set the Meiji Era.

Index

[ W ]

[ W ] oT Source

w o xulVA vB The I Ching, "south Teresa a saint, OsamuMing".

ulVAvtA]8Av10AZ11xpB "Teresa a saint listening to the south, and OsamuMing duty to" the language of the past during the Edo periodonly eight times, 10 times as a candidate are taking into account his time to 11 To be adopted. oAsB At the same time the Edict also was issued, and shall not reign in thesaid.

OzO ciAVc{IB Echizen former lord Matsudairaci considering the wording of the and from the court himself Emperor Meiji is at the lottery is.

[ W ] N years of the Meiji

Vc (1867-1912) Emperor Meiji (1867-1912)

VcAV{VcSVzwAV]AVcsK{VSi sQjB Coronation of Emperor Meiji, the new government centering on the emperor to build a new national system to the new Edo Tokyo and is now, the emperor in Tokyo royal visit to Japan here in the heart of the new political SUETA (Tokyos).

cvzA VceslA{@ i@jAlXBcthought, based on the Emperor and the peopleeto direct rule, but the political system of constitutional Empire of Japan (Meiji Constitution) to be established, the various changes. ^B China's Ming and imitating system established. VcAAzIp~B The name of the emperor era, and itto abolish the yin and yang of the road.

[ W ] V Meiji Restoration

VQ Details of the Meiji Restoration see

c3Ni 1867N j ]{ 15REcAsB 1867 Edo Shogunate forces Commodore 15 Yoshinobu Tokugawa, the Court did. AB As a result, the Court reactionary monarchy declared. h{CoV{B Shogunate forces and factions of the former anti-Shogunate C Meizi after the new government was established. 1868N 3VjAN9NiN11kKpjB 1868 March Five Principles of our policy by the new politics, and in September the same year, and MeijiMETA year (January 1, the same yearto apply retroactively).

V{RIoIRA VcSW\zwB The new government of the Western military powersEeconomic pressure to compete with the Emperor and the centralization of the state aimed at building. V{A 1869N i2NjeA 1871N i4NjA pusB The new government, in 1869, each clan in the order, in 1871, the domain system was abolished. nd]Nvp~A[ndB Land-tax reform by abolishing the existing ones in the U.S., money payment in lieu of land tax and financial base. A]RAgPpslA{SsRFAEIRAURlXvB To the people of the Edo period, eliminating restrictions on freedom, identity and the abolition of equality of all people, and the free flow of Japan recognized the freedom of choice of occupation and freedom ofhaircut and a variety of reform Said.

Saigo Takamori

AV{~EoA xdvA XxA S~AAoYix jsi BY jA 1873N i6Nj {i AOOjwn_wqSA NjB In addition, the new government of the Western powers in order to escape from~, wealth and military strength, and the country's important policies, and postal system, railway construction, development of export industries (for example the cotton field Tomioka) and (Shokusan Kogyo), 1873 conscription was carried out (the household head, so that was exempt from the draft, other than a head-on, the next layer and the third son of a poor peasant child soldiersSTTA layer for the severe tax riot happened).

_Adh]VEEbE_EY5lvEqQcCi ZN jB Seikanron over hardliners Shinpei Etou Nishigou Soizima Takamori b Goto_ Lungfive people Toshimiti Ookubo Iwakura their confrontation with the Qc resigned (1873 coup). A vmB As a result, a Toshimiti Ookubo to establish a dictatorial regime.

A5lQcsB Meanwhile, five people ShimonoQctook the following action. A wZB Saigo Takamori is to return to his hometown of Kagoshima, my school construction. A_AA]AA 1874N i7NjIc@{oLiAcJvR^B In addition,_, Goto, Eto, who Soejima, 1874 to establishment of the elected parliamentary government to submit to tyranny, Yuji criticized the congressional request to open a major civil rights of freedom of movement pioneering figure . A]AVsmNB The Eto returns to the hometown of Saga, the Meiji Restoration of the warrior class of privileged complaints involving lost in the Saga Rebellion was caused by the crush.

v Toshimiti Ookubo
F Kido Takayoshi

vAsms}ApnEQRA 1874N i7NjA posiA FjAX1875N i8Nj ]NNCDKB Okubo was dominated government, complaining of the warrior class is difficult to keep a lid on discontent that enlightenment, and fishermen in Taiwan and the Ryukyu to the local people were killed on the grounds that, in 1874, Taiwan's troops and (As a result, Kido Takayoshi of the Shimono), plus the next 1875 Ganghwa Island incident causing Chosun in the morningKof amity was signed. AR^_A_A 1875N i8NjcJA QzB In addition, the Kido Shimono civil rights and freedom of movement is leading a check_, to propitiate the 1875 Osaka meeting, the gradual establishment of constitutional government issue. A@@V@ Ai@@R@ A ncJB This legislative body, the Senate, the judicial institution, the supreme court, meeting local officials decided to hold. A A V_KsB On the other hand, law, the newspaper ordinance to regulate the press.

Av1873N i6NjuABYB In terms of domestic politics, Okubo, 1873 in the Department of the Interior set up to support the encouragement of new industry. A{sJmi\A T\ ji \ jA poB In addition, the Meiji government's financial difficulties are the cause of the warrior class who unearned income and privilege (\, Lu Prize) and cut (\disposal), pdecree or out. vsmAA _A A H A NAi j{B A complaint backlash by the warrior class series of reforms, starting with the Saga Rebellion, the god of the turbulentA, overexploitation of Tokyo, Hagi Rebellion occurred at the end of Saigo Takamori(southwest war) was suppressed by the government. A{]A_{B Saigo's death, rather than violent overthrow of the government, and of speech to criticize the government will change.

A 1878N i11NjAvEi I jAONFavAV{A A GdMS^cB Then, in 1878, the assassination is a Toshimiti Ookubo (Kioi strange slope), southwest of the previous year in a war of Kido Takayoshiavfor the Meiji government, Ito Hirobumi, Shigenobu Okuma operates mainly in Will be.

[ W ] R^ Civil Rights Movement of freedom

Hirofumi Ito
GdM Shigenobu Okuma

R^WA 1881N i14NjA JgL[\lNAJ}ihGdMh{Au J vA 1890N i23NjcJB The development of free movement for civil rights, in 1881, pioneering use of surplus state ownership in the case it had to end years of political turmoil in 1881, Hirobumi Ito establishment of the National Assembly calling for the immediate leftist Okuma Shigenobu expelled from school, while the government, "the National Assembly of the imperial rescript opened" a significant, and in 1890 opened to the Congress promised to the people. A{_R}AGdMi}AJ}B As a result, the Meiji government was to be expelled from_the Liberal Party, Shigenobu Okuma, Susumu Constitutional Reform Party formed the upcoming National Assembly was opened and the utilization of the reserves.

AGdMrAoFog`i ftQj B In addition, after the fall of Shigenobu Okuma, the control of economic policy in terms of real power from the Satsuma clan justice Matsukata was (For more details, Matsukata deflation). ftA_wnAR^AA 1884N i17NjiR^sjB Matsukata deflation, the number of farmers to poverty and this is linked to the free movement of Rights, 1884 to the Chichibu incident (the free movement of the militant People's Rights).

A 1885N i18Njp~A tAbACB Then, in 1885 to abolish thethe Cabinet to introduce the first prime minister took office in the Ito Hirobumi.

[ W ] {@ Imperial Japanese Constitution

{@Q Details of the Imperial Japanese Constitution refers to

@ To the Constitution
A B A A qY A GX@JnA 1888N i21Nj @uB Hirobumi Ito, Takashi Inoue, Miyozi Itou, Kentarou Kaneko, ROESURERU constitution and prepare for them, and starting in 1888 the Council was set up. A 1889N i22NjA ctA N vCZ@{@Vcb`i @ jB And, in 1889, Kiyotaka Kuroda at the time of the Cabinet, and the prince have the right to Prussian Constitution imitating the Imperial Japanese Constitution, to vassalic bestow the Emperor Meiji was established in the form of (Authorized Constitution).
@]Au@vi cc jh^B The rating was higher against the constitution in the country, "Good listening to excel in the Constitution" (Takada Sanae), and was highly praised by civil rights group. eA^p\Ae]iGBEtHExcjB The observers from Western countries, the actual operational capability is being reserved for the highly regarded for its content (as examples Erwin von Baelz are).
{@e The contents of the Imperial Japanese Constitution
@AVcAO_sNKAlKB The constitution, the emperor, and the Third Article provisions are inviolable, the Fourth articles, the head of state sovereignty and defined. OB For the following three branches. A @Vcc^@sgKiAcVc^@ jB First, the legislative authority of the Emperor Item Five of the empire of Congress is sponsoring the following provisions and the legislative power is exercised (ie, the Reichstag is sponsoring institution of the emperor). ETA@AbKvB But generally the job, only to ratify the law, and that the sanction must be countersigned by the secretary of state. Ab@AVc`\As\B In other words, the law must be countersigned Minister disabled, and to refuse to ratify the Emperor possible even on the format, was virtually impossible. _CMXB This point is now the same can be said of the British monarch. AcIIcOc@M@@\B Also, be elected to the Reichstag parliament composed of representatives from the House of Representatives and the nobility consists of the House of Lords consists of the Chamber. A sA{@ACAebVcJA CB Second, the administrative authority, but after the Japanese Constitution, not unlike the joint and several liability, Article 55 J each of the Emperor and the secretary of state, was individually responsible. Oi@AVc@i@sB The third jurisdiction, but fifth in the name of Emperor Shichijo by law to the court that the judicial power.
@AB The problem the Constitution, which mainly include the following two. AKVcCRKB First, it is stipulated in Article 1 The first is that the emperor was the supreme military and naval regulations. tcR^iANjB Empire of the cabinet and parliament for the military was directly involved (which, after the supreme commandproblems will be). AK@Rbi@sjB Second, in the Second Article of the range specified in the law is freedom of the subject was right (after the maintenance of security laws and rights will be limited to).
Acu}EAR{s{pi R` jvAcB In addition, Prime Minister Kiyotaka Kuroda, "without being influenced by political developments, as a detached and fair to try to measure the government's political stance (of detachment)" indicates a confrontation with Congress.
A 1889N i22Nj{@zAOc@cI@zA 15~[25jqiSl1.1%jI^I{A 1890N i23Njc icjJB Then, in 1889 promulgated the Constitution of the Imperial Japanese expansion, the Lower House election law is promulgated, more than 15 yen tax direct tax was only men over the age of 25 (1.1% of the total population at that time) The right to vote in elections has given limit, in 1890 the first Reichstag (the Associationc) was opening.
XIaA{}aA`IvzOLA fNV[sB The election of gradually easing restrictions and conditions for weapons, and the conflict between the government and political parties have also been relaxed because of it, from the end of the Meiji era of democratic ideas spread to the people, including the Taisho Democracy Go to the lead.

[ W ] EI Sino-Russo-Japanese War

Anv{A 1894N i27NjpA]siB Are not self-colonization in the modernizing reforms made in Japan, 1894 in the UK and achieved a treaty amendment, which since the beginning of the end of the Edo Period unequal treaty on the elimination of Roddick. SB~B This was achieved entirely annexation of Korea later.

[ W ] j Details of the Treaty Negotiations Chronological

qgcB Iwakura Mission. EvAAqA RF AF Toshimiti Ookubo from the right, Ito Hirobumi,Iwakura, Yamaguchi Kaoru Takashi, Kido Takayoshi

[ W ] Sino-Japanese War

O@ Foreign Minister Mutsu Munemitsu

Q Details of the Sino-Japanese war reference

{A 1882N i15NjpR A 1884N i17Njb\_@NA A b__@A 1894N i27NjuB In Japan, 1882 in the turbulent forces Im-O, in 1884 the Shin Incident gap in the wake of Korea over the Qing Dynasty and confrontation, the First Sino-Japanese War of farmers in the wake of the 1894 (Meiji 27 years), Sino-Japanese War erupted. ARAADmCPx{A eFB In the financial muscle power at the time, warships, equipment and the number of soldiers in all Qing Dynasty was more dominant in the degree of morale and training to win a victory in Japan, the Treaty of Shimonoseki by the following had accepted the contents of the Qing Dynasty.

AN@AAWAI}i N1897N i30Nj jB The results of the Treaty of Shimonoseki, for the Korean Qing suzerainty is denied, the international order in East Asia was to seal books regime came to an end (Lee, Korea 1897 Korean Empire as an independent) . A IOi3000ljAJ^ASid_jB However, the Liaodong Peninsula in the Franco-German-Russian interference three countries were due to return (to the 30 million won in return), giving the public a sense of humiliation and revenge that fueled the mind (d_).

{AFB As a result of this war to join the ranks of Japan and other powers, to be recognized by Western powers. AuqvsAAnB On the other hand, the "sleeping lion," said Qing Dynasty was defeated by the other colonial powers of the Chinese move was to be accelerated. AA 1897N i30Nj{{sA Sci 1901N i34NjJjAoIe^B In addition, the Sino-Japanese war reparations, in 1897 the gold standard of enforcement source, and Yawata steel mill building (1901 opening) and other funds, economicAlso affected.

[ W ] I Russo-Japanese War

IQ Details of the Russo-Japanese war reference


IA VAA A AdB After the Sino-Japanese War, Russian imperial Qing Dynasty to the pressure of the Liaodong Peninsula, Lushun and Dalian were leased. A VxASyxSiB The Trans-Siberian Railway and its feeder is Kiyoshi Azuma railways and went south on policy. A `ac~AVABRAmB In particular, the case Yoshikazu team since the presence of Russian troops in Manchuria and had secured a concession. {VAA 1902N i35NjA pB Japan's efforts to check the movement of Russia, in 1902, the Anglo-Japanese alliance was signed. Eu h vpAAWAV{EA[bpA{IijEhB At the time of the first empire in the world, "glorious isolation" was in keeping with Britain for the first time that the alliance was signed, Japan is Asia's other emerging nations that have received the attention of the world, in Europe , The upstart in the Far East and Japan to fire as an agent of the chestnut (China) will be trying toEWA also look at satire. ABANQVAIuB Since then, Manchuria, the Korean peninsula conflict between the interests of the Russian empire against the Russo-Japanese War broke out.

RA U A V|IVARhB After landing the Liaodong Peninsula, the army, the Siege of Port Arthur, BattleV Russian army and the vast amount of material that barely more than a retreat to be successful. ACRII{CCVAo`bNB On the other hand, and eventually the Navy Naval Sea in the Russian Baltic fleet of destruction.


OY Foreign Minister KomuraY

VARACRAv^WuaXB Russia had maintained the Army, the Navy lost most of the force, the development of the country's revolutionary movement had been inclined to peace. {oWBAOYZIhAE[YxgAuaB Japan also endured a long battle that could not have achieved economic development, Foreign Minister KomuraYthe U.S. president Theodore Roosevelt relied on the broker, brought peace. II|[c}XeB An end to the Russo-Japanese War Treaty of Portsmouth is one of the following contents.

  • VA{EREoDFB In Russia, Japan, South Korea's political and economic priority for the military admits.
  • AAdyA tSt{nB Lushun territory of the Qing Dynasty, the taker of Dalian and Changchun Railway and the south of the rights attached to transfer to Japan.
  • k50x i jtn 50 degrees latitude south of Sakhalin (ie, South Sakhalin) and included the transfer of the Islands
  • Iz[cNC A x[OC{FB Sea of Okhotsk, the Bering Sea to Japan to acknowledge the fishing rights.

SA{{A JNB However, reparations for all unavailable in Japan and the explosion of public anger, Hibiya Ware strokes occurred. FER^^qLXgO_B The Sakai Katayama Toshihiko latency of the antiwar movement and Akiko Yosano and a Christian from the standpoint of OUchimura of _ was also advocated.

I{AFlLFlA`NAEj`iG`IsAG`IsAC^AAFlLFljB Japan's victory in the Russo-Japanese War, the white-colored race for the power of a small country and the nation with an absolute victory for the country's constitutional monarch, and was also the significance of the history of the world (although the first war in Ethiopia in the Ethiopian empire Italy won the precedent in the kingdom, the color of Caucasian state of the nation's first modern does not mean victory.)

[ W ] annexation of Korea

1905N i38NjA {CA 1908N i41NjCB 1905, the Korean government the firstIto Hirobumi, was appointed by the 1908 resignation. A 1906N i39Nj|[c}Xli B jytSAs{ A BS iSjuB The 1906 Treaty of Portsmouth won the Liaodong Peninsula, the south (Guandong), and Changchun south of the railway Kiyoshi Azuma, respectively Kanto Tokyo office, the South Manchuria Railway Limited (Mitsuaki iron) has been set up Or. A 1909N i42NjVA 2jttcA1026AVAksnA nsA^dEB Then, in July 1909, and the second Katsura Cabinet annexation of the Korean cabinet decision on October 26, Ito Russia for a meeting with Minoru Watari, Harbin has arrived in when the Korean Empire Activist for the independence of the multiple root Ahn was assassinated. 1910N i43NjAA`B In 1910 the Japan-Korea annexation treaty signed, the annexation of the Korean Empire, and here, along with other world powers imperialism to the NOSHIGATTA state. VAL^AO^AiNDAwWBB Russia recorded a victory against powerhouse that has repercussions in other countries, between secular since Chia D and shock, and then to hit western powers aimed at building a modern nation has achieved the goal of the Theory as well.

EuaxTCEA 1920N i9NjACQA{V50NB After the First World War was completed by the peace of the Versailles system in the world, and in 1920 founded the International Federation to participate as a permanent member, from the Meiji Restoration in Japan at a speed of about 50 years of the Great Powers To be one of the country.

[ W ] N\ Timeline


[ W ] \ sheet of the year

5NgpAi OSI jNvB 1872 to the lunar calendar was used for the AD (Gregorian calendar) year is not exactly a match. N5NeNQB Details of the Meiji Era to five years for each year of reference of the items.

FB month show a small brown.

Ni C j Meiji Era (Dragon) January February O March l April [l April[ May Z June July August September \ October \ November \ December
OSI Gregorian calendar 1868 /1/25 1868 / 1 / 25 2/23 2 / 23 3/24 3 / 24 4/23 4 / 23 5/22 5 / 22 6/20 6 / 20 7/20 7 / 20 8/18 8 / 18 9/16 9 / 16 10/16 11/14 12/14 1869 /1/13 1869 / 1 / 13
Ni j 1869 (self-Snake) January February O March l April May Z June July August September \ October \ November \ December
OSI Gregorian calendar 1869 /2/11 1869 / 2 / 11 3/13 3 / 13 4/12 4 / 12 5/12 5 / 12 6/10 6 / 10 7/9 7 / 9 8/8 8 / 8 9/6 9 / 6 10/5 10 / 5 11/4 11 / 4 12/3 12 / 3 1870 /1/2 1870 / 1 / 2
ONi M j 1870 (M) January February O March l April May Z June July August September \ October [\ October[ \ November \ December
OSI Gregorian calendar 1870 /2/1 1870 / 2 / 1 3/2 3 / 2 4/1 4 / 1 5/1 5 / 1 5/30 5 / 30 6/29 6 / 29 7/28 7 / 28 8/27 8 / 27 9/25 9 / 25 10/25 11/23 12/22 1871 /1/21 1871 / 1 / 21
lNi h j 1871 (non-spicy) January February O March l April May Z June July August September \ October \ November \ December
OSI Gregorian calendar 1871 /2/19 1871 / 2 / 19 3/21 3 / 21 4/20 4 / 20 5/19 5 / 19 6/18 6 / 18 7/18 7 / 18 8/16 8 / 16 9/15 9 / 15 10/14 11/13 12/12 1872 /1/10 1872 / 1 / 10
Ni p\ j 1872 (Shinp) January February O March l April May Z June July August September \ October \ November \ December
OSI Gregorian calendar 1872 /2/9 1872 / 2 / 9 3/9 3 / 9 4/8 4 / 8 5/7 5 / 7 6/6 6 / 6 7/6 7 / 6 8/4 8 / 4 9/3 9 / 3 10/3 10 / 3 11/1 11 / 1 12/1 12 / 1 12/30


Meiji N Appointed 2N 2 years 3N 3 years 4N Four years 5N 5 years 6N 6 years 7N Seven years 8N 8 years 9N Nine years 10N 10 years
AD 1868N In 1868 1869N 1869 1870N 1870 1871N 1871 1872N 1872 1873N 1873 1874N 1874 1875N 1875 1876N 1876 1877N 1877
x Chinese sign C Tatsunori Ore Snake M M h Not Sin p\ Shinp Rooster b Gap B q Child C N Ding Ox
Meiji 11N 11 years 12N 12 years 13N 13 years 14N 14 years 15N 15 years 16N 16 years 17N 17 years 18N 18 years 19N 19 year 20N 20 years
AD 1878N 1878 1879N 1879 1880N 1880 1881N 1881 1882N 1882 1883N 1883 1884N 1884 1885N In 1885 1886N 1886 1887N 1887
x Chinese sign Tiger K Self-Rabbit MC Geng Tatsunori h Shin Snake p Im-O Not b\ Shin-gap Rooster B C Ding
Meiji 21N 21 years 22N 22 years 23N 23 years 24N 24 years 25N 25 years 26N 26 years 27N 27 years 28N 28 years 29N 29 years 30N 30 years
AD 1888N 1888 1889N 1889 1890N In 1890 1891N 1891 1892N 1892 1893N 1893 1894N 1894 1895N In 1895 1896N 1896 1897N 1897
x Chinese sign q q N Ore Ox M Geng Tiger hK Shin Rabbit pC Tatsunorip KISHI b First Sino-Japanese \ Shin hei Ding Rooster
Meiji 31N 31 years 32N 32 years 33N 33 years 34N 34 years 35N 35 years 36N 36 years 37N 37 years 38N 38 years 39N 39 years 40N 40 years
AD 1898N 1898 1899N 1899 1900N 1900 1901N 1901 1902N 1902 1903N 1903, 1904N 1904 1905N 1905 1906N 1906 1907N In 1907
x Chinese sign Ore Mq Geng child hN Shin Ox p Tigerp K Rabbit bC Gap Dragon Ulsa
Meiji 41N 41 years 42N 42 years 43N 43 years 44N 44 years 45N 45 years Taisho
AD 1908N 1908 1909N 1909 1910N 1910 1911N 1911 1912N In 1912
x Chinese sign \ Shin Ore Rooster M Geng h Hsinhai pq Shep

[ W ] A Related Books

  • FAcsqAqATIq wSNOx NXo 2006NISBN 4877333363FYuzawa, Miyako Okuda, Yukiko Nakahara, a hundred years ago, Yukiko Sato, Kress family life published in 2006 ISBN 4877333363

[ W ] A See also

Wikisource EBL\[XmB Wikisource to RohEdict of the original.

[ W ] EcEwZ Meiji give schools and other major companies and organizations

AEEwuvp Of these, as an acronym for Meiji Seika Meiji University Meiji Dairies, "Meiji" are often used.

[ W ] ON External links


{ Japanese era name
O: Before the era: : In the era following:
c Keio Taisho


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