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w Ethnologic

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w ijAEwB Ethnology (ethnology), the academic study of society and culture of peoples of the world. AAwhAuB However, by country, by school,the significance and the expected position.

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Contents

[ W ] wu Positioning of Ethnology

[ W ] Bw European continent ethnologic

[bp AhCcSnA wwRwlwsB Continental Europe, the number and speaking to Germany in particular, has a distinguished Iwao Takashi anthropology of science as natural science and the nation as a cultural science. PlwA RlwwAwmAu`B In this case just like anthropology, anthropology refers to the nature, and science are distinct ethnic groups, have a tradition of contraposition.

[ W ] AJOw Ethnology in the United States

AJOAlRIRlwAIlwAIlwnAww A lwlw\B The United States, and anthropology to study the natural aspect of human nature, both the study of anthropology and cultural aspects, which held the underlying structure of two major departments of anthropology a more comprehensive, national the science of language, that it constitutes a part of cultural anthropology and archeology at the end. wSIKAlwwpB Ethnographic field is large and central in it, can be used in the same sense of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology sometimes.

[ W ] {w Ethnology in Japan

{A[bpnAJOpB In Japan, that are mixed with the current classification system of the United States and continental Europe flow.

A wucpY A Y A EB[tNtghCcPB After the war, Eiichiro Ishida established a course in universities, Oka Masao, and Obayashi Tara has been receiving training in areas such as the German Frankfurt and Vienna. A{lwIwwXB Therefore, in Japan there was a tendency to be a designation of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology and long learning.

wd3N2004N A{w{lwA{wEAwlwzB Obayashi was a stalwart who died but three years of Ethnology in 2004, so that the symbol was renamed to Cultural Anthropology Society of Japan Society for the ethnic Japanese, of Japan in the academic world, human culture is almost the Ethnological There was a sense of absorption. wUulwvulwvAuwvgp}gw ilwpjA c`mw[1] B Name of the Department of the University, "cultural anthropology" or "anthropology" has been consistent, "Ethnology," using the University of Tsukuba (combined and Anthropology however), only the University and Keio [1].

[ W ] lwEwW Relationship with archaeological folklore

lwA{AjwAA[wlAlwjwwAqAJOlwABlwA w i folkloristics ju jw v\Ajwlwu`B The archaeological, in Japan, close to that history, is considered relevant and deep learning very, once it was treated as an archaeological history of academic assistance, the above The United States is so often treated as an area of anthropology, archeology of the European continent, Folklore (folkloristics) and "Science prehistoric" to configure, has a long tradition and counterpose History and Anthropology there is.

wA `AAwqwAwAIAf[^AwB Folklore, literature and the tradition, the country primarily is a science that attempts to predicate the cultural substratum of ethnocentrism, ethnic studies However, the material constraints MOTAZU general, mainly from other ethnic data and culture of science that attempts to understand the society. A{wA cjuVwv]w`pA LuwvB The Folklore of Japan,jYanagida "Ntsukuni Satoru" has taken over the traditional Guoxue of time since the Edo period as called it, from the extensive materials that include equipment and house people "and that ethnocentrism ethnologic to "present views. AVX{wrwB However, this day will be the rise of comparative folklore in Japanese folklore as a new trend.

[ W ] wilwj4Av[` Ethnology (Cultural Anthropology) approaches one of the four

ww19IA qCAEm[bp~{IB Established as a science is the study of the independent nation of 19 mid-century, since the age of sail, which is the basic condition that the accumulated knowledge in Europe about the ethnic of the world. AwiViYAwRjAYa\B If the meaning of the folklore is born with nationalism, ethnic studies is the possible capture and was born from the KORONIARIZUMU.

AlLqAImwEIXB Anyway, called the ethnographic description of the lifestyle of the nations of these trends is the world's national science and research based on ethnographic knowledge. w`IA[bpEAu JvBAJA EAS\TIwB The ethnographic tradition, the non-European world, the so-called "ethnic barbarism" has developed a culture centered on research, this day is a savage, and that all ethnic groups of study regardless of the civilized world, Science has grown into a general structure of cultural exploration. ASlSIcnAwAlwlwpXB On the other hand, from the standpoint of the overall goal of all human culture, changing the designation of a national trend is to adopt the name of anthropology and cultural anthropology. Awlwvv@_TqB Following summary describes the main ideas and methodology in ethnology and anthropology.

[ W ] i` evolution principle

n[o[gEXyT[i_ iiiBjeA19ICMXAJlwAv[`AKEDsvzoB Evolution of society and Spencer Herbert (which was confusing and progressive evolution.) To the effect of, 19 anthropological approach in a rise in the United Kingdom and the United States in the late century, where the survival of the fittest survival of the fittest is thought to come out. \IlwA Gh[hE^C[B As a typical anthropologist, said that Tyler Edward. R`IvfZA `lpvfB While strong liberal elements, which also contains elements to be used to justify racism and imperialism.

XyT[i_OVA N~{vzSe^B Spencer's social evolution and is being introduced by the Katou Hiroyuki, a major influence on social thought in general and afterNMeiji Japan. {lwA uZvAi_IzeB It is done in the class of human research at the time of the Stone Age in Japan, the culture of the era Jomon "indigenous culture" and also MINASHITA, MITETORERU the influence of the social evolutionary thinking.

i`IlwwAliAl{IS_B Anthropology and Ethnology, the principle of evolution is also seen as a phenomenon common to the evolution of human culture in mind the basic humanity is the direct attention to aspects that are the same.

[ W ] jwi`d`j History of Ethnology (diffusionist)

i RSa j Mask (Democratic Republic of the Congo)

i`A 20IOhCcI[XgA AAJOjwB Emerged as a reaction to the doctrine of evolution, Austria and Germany in the first half of the century was the rise of Ethnology in United States history.

AjI`AXvfnIzB It is emphasized that it has formed a historic cultural event in the individual, the individual pursuit was made about the meaning of the geographical distribution of cultural elements and cultural complex.

jA`dnl@_A`d`B The history of culture, many consider_from the perspective of cultural diffusion, if the system is said to be propagated.

`d`AvfzAj\wAIEtxjEX i Leo Frobenius jAO[vi[iF.GraebnerjAV~bgiW.SchmidtjB Transmission system, distribution of elements as clues to culture, history and culture aimed at the reconstruction of solid from the standpoint of the Frobenius theory of cultures Leo (Leo Frobenius), GUREPUNA (F. Graebner), Schmidt (W. Schmidt) are. AJjwhAN[o[iALKroeberjEBbX[iC.Wisslerj`d`IXLB American history in school, especially clover (ALKroeber) and UISSURA (C. Wissler) and the trend was diffusionist.

A`d_`d`IAnAB After World War II, the position of principle or theory of propagation of cultural transmission, it was difficult to maintain the system of cultures, a decline. 1980NlwAyWdB The Archeology of age in 1980 was expected to focus on increasing the development of indigenous culture.

[ W ] @\` functionalism

@\`A 1920N~CMXA hEXN[EIuEGRm~NXhNtuEujXtE}mtXLWJlwIAv[`B And functionalism, the 1920 rise in the United Kingdom since Radcliffe = London School of Economics of the approach of social anthropology of Malinowski and the expansion and BURONISUWAFU Brown. Xx@S@\B Individual to focus on fulfilling the function in society and maintain the system of systems and equipment. A`ICMXo_Nw`vzeFB It is recognized that the impact of utilitarian thought came from there and philosophical empiricism traditional United Kingdom.

[ W ] \` structuralism

EtXAv[`B The approach was to rise in France after World War II. N[hEBXg[XSlA uWIsw M xZZ[ViALOI\lwB Levy, Claude = person in the Straus Center, summarizes the travel itinerary in Brazil's tropical Sad is the case then the screaming, this day was a work of structural anthropology and monuments.

\`IlwA\XvfAW\B Studies in humans and leadership structure, the unit to configure itself as a cultural rather than an element of structure to be viewed as the nexus of relationships between each other. AA\dv_B Also, in particular, the importance of the structure_not be aware.

ABXg[XMnA AhEFCwQ_ [2]pAnSeABXg[Xvze^AwwIiS]B The Levy = systematic research of the group marriage MURUNGIN by Straus is, group theory in mathematics VEIYU Andre [2] to use, and have to establish a clear picture of the marriage system, the idea of Rose Levy = strike the manifold influenced not only can describe as did also promote interdisciplinary research and exchanges between different disciplines.

[ W ] ` Cultural relativism

wAIEOlAJRSB Ethnology, culture and ethnic diversity was on the outside of the Western world, began a special interest for ethnic culture and nature was particularly savage and barbaric. AwlwW_@AAIwW[3] B This was an opportunity for the scientific development of human culture is the study of ethnicity, and at the same time, was also born the constraints that hinder the study of the general culture and that their relative [3] . wlwR[FB Part of the reason is called by the name of Anthropology is the study of ethnic culture is recognized to this day.

iA GXmZgY iDz`jEpAElAeDWuAl`lLyB In modern industrialized countries, ESUNOSENTORIZUMU (ethnocentrism chauvinism) is rather a departure from the culture of the nations of the world has equal value, without having to replace the relationship between the relative merits of each other's cultural differences, Yutaka widespread idea of cultural relativism and diversity capture.

[ W ] r Footnotes

  1. ^ u lwEww vQB ^ "To learn of Ethnology Cultural Anthropology" see.
  2. ^ wB ^ Field of algebra.
  3. ^ci1976NjB ^ Ishida (1976).

[ W ] A See also

[ W ] Museum

[ W ] adjacent areas

[ W ] Ql References


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