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lw Cultural Anthropology

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lw ijA llS( )Ilw [1]B Cultural Anthropology (anthropology department), the overall pattern of human life (work and life) anthropology to study how specific NAARI [1] is a field.

lwAliwIRlwAlIEIlw (Cultural Anthropology) lw (Social Anthropology) B Of the human race in general, and physical anthropology to study aspects of biology and evolution of mankind, of human culture to study aspects of culture in human society (Cultural Anthropology) or Social Anthropology (Social Anthropology) divided into be. lwAJpA CMX[bpulwvpB The name is used in cultural anthropology in America, many countries in Europe and the United Kingdom, "Social Anthropology" has used the name. [bp{w i pEthnology A hCcEthnologie jpiwjB In Japan and the ethnology of Europe (in the English-speaking Ethnology, for in speaking Ethnologie Germany) has been used as names (and often a field of ethnic studies). w i Folklore je[}LB Of Folklore (Folklore) often share a common research areas are also adjacent.

RlwAli`wIB Anthropological nature, understand the biological aspects have been formed by the process of human evolution. AlwR`lwB On the other hand, anthropology is a discipline to study the culture of mankind as a justice-of nature. Aio``I`AlVIwKsp^[AlHwB And culture, not a genetic trait that was formed through a process of evolution, language learning and behavior patterns acquired by humanity, which refers to the totality of the artifact. lwwwlwAAJwwRlwIB Adjacent to the Science of Cultural Anthropology and Archeology is therefore of language, in the faculty of the United States has been educated in a comprehensive manner with the anthropological study of nature in addition to these.

lwE\rB In anthropology from the narrow sense is understood as a study of comparison between the social structure of society and national culture. lwwlwp`B Name of Social Anthropology and Ethnology, is almost synonymous with the term cultural anthropology. ujXEE}mtXL[1914NpvA[2] ANnAWc\Q^@@pIB By Malinowski BURONISUROU since the 1914 survey of Papua, [2], to stay in this community to be studied over several months to several years, the methods of participant observation as a member of the Senior Living consists of a group of in general be used.

Contents

[ W ] wj History of theory

lwwjA}mtXL[wmqCxA hNtuEwA_}xo1922NOjIlwB History of the general theory of cultural anthropology, Malinowski, who sailed in the western Pacific, Radcliffe = Brown's The Andaman Islands are both the publication of 1922 to study modern human beings and the environment, andOjseparated. A}mtXL[mtB[h[N@f[^nIW\AhNtuEtXwfP[_\@\`_mA wbzB During this period, allowing the systematic collection of data was established by the method of fieldwork Malinowski, Radcliffe more = function theory is established based on structural theory of social Durkheim's sociology from France by Brown, social science as it laid the foundation.

}mtXL[hNtuECMXSiAJjACMXlw`lw{FB = Malinowski and Radcliffe-Brown, who played for in the United Kingdom together (the two most teach in the U.S. have both), after World War II, the tradition of anthropology and social anthropology in the United Kingdom after they were came to be recognized as mainstream. Aelw`AAJtX`eB However, the anthropology of this country and there are different traditions, traditions in the U.S. and France with strong influence often.

AJA tcE{AYSwhpB And at the United States in particular, has passed the school of Franz Boas and unique. whW\lwIAv[`AlKxA SIXA A lvfL`_B The school is taking an inclusive approach to social anthropology than to focus on the social structure and social relations, social institutions and human practices, mentality, language, and the broad sense that elements of different cultures and said material focusing on culture.

whALTOpeiIkZjLLqOAlw_IB This school is the concept of ethnic groups, using this broad culture (specifically, indigenous North America) dedicated to describing the unique culture of the theory of social anthropology is not as critical . whpRS`I_si`A{AYi`IRlLqE]`B This attitude of the school is said to come from the opposition to the principle of evolution and the theory and principles of scarce national resources based on their own, and Boaz and the leadership position in the teeth of this evolution insisted that the culture and cultural relativism is described RERUBESHI up in value. _rAAJlwhCMXlw_IWA`AElwLFmB To exclude the theoretical position taken in this way, American culture is a school of human development and social anthropological theory for the United Kingdom which have fallen behind in the current position of cultural relativism, cultural anthropologist in the world has been widely recognized as a self-evident. AWIASAnIen_ASlw i p[\ieB_ jA lw i Vi` jAoB Also, take a comprehensive and easy to position in social relations, language and psychological process, to also focus on ecological and geographical scope, psychological anthropology after the (theory of personality and cultural), Anthropology Ecology ( New evolutionary principles), was to create a number of areas such as lower.

{A Y —OAwEwylwXu@vJAjIyoB And at the Japan, Oka Shigeo - before the war, traditional bookstores specializing in archaeological and ethnographic study "Oka Shoin" Open history have produced a great book. CMXwlwC}wsw iEswjCMXlweB Tokyo Metropolitan University and the University of Tokyo led Nakane TieCMETA a social anthropological study in the United Kingdom (University of Tokyo's capital) was the acceptance of current social anthropology in the United Kingdom. Awiq~vSswlwAWAEAtJenThsB Meanwhile, in the Kansai area of research is to dispatch an expedition to various parts of Asia and Africa Institute of Human Studies, Kyoto University and is a disciple of~Tadao Imanishi Kinzi the ecology. { ijCWAnw{lw_B Results of the World Exposition in Japan (Osaka Expo) in the main exhibition hall, the site then became a base for the study of anthropology was established in Japan, National Museum of Ethnology. wieWslwwRwoglApAZpAilwI_DiB Anthropology of Kyoto developed under the influence of Mamoru Nishiki Imanishi ecologist who has many talents in the natural sciences, actively cooperate with the primate studies, occupational use and the environment, technology and focus on aspects of ecology and evolution of human society excellent shot to the ongoing research.

A~v1950Nw j xlwAs_AjA{_dBjxzIwS^B Also, Tadao~1950SHITA the ages, how to view history of civilization, as well as ecological anthropology, the theory of a grand civilization, and history shows, the materialist conception of history was particularly dominant Forum of Japan was devastated the social sciences in general.

lwlXflWB Cultural anthropology is different and has evolved to reflect the unique circumstances of the country in the world. CMXlwAAJIlwA{lwe\B Social Anthropology in the United Kingdom, the United States in cultural anthropology in general, and say that Japan is a representative of each country individually and ecological anthropology. ANtB[hAXB However, in recent years by countries such as the personality of the past with the activation process of being reorganized in exchange for each field in each country differences are gradually eliminated.

1970N~AlwWr}Jii |XgRjA jAVwiXB And since the 1970s, rapid progress in social development in developing countries has been the main subject is the study of human culture (POSUTOKORONIARU), but also with the nature of learning will be a new social problems and changes to have. 1980N~A J A A GCY A A A plw}A}liB Especially since the 1980s, development, health, AIDS, the environment, education, and growing the field of applied anthropology deals with issues such as community tourism, is becoming rapidly diversifying. A |Xg_`I|XgRjA_Gh[hETC[hw IG^Y xlwNtH[hEMAcw^xAAlwuvAwNB In addition, Edward Said made a theory POSUTOKORONIARU in the tide of relativism and postmodernism, Orientalism, the Ford Geertz chestnut Anthropologists interpret the culture and the reading / writing, and criticism related to the culture Anthropologists have a different culture, "write" and what were the issues raised in the foundation of learning. llwIs@_EOi ` A \z`jc_sB Political philosophy and methodology of anthropology as an act of (relativistic culture, philosophy and community building) are in place for active discussion. \`yN[hEBXg[XA]lwlE^ANwSlwSwc_B Claude Levy was the principle of popular = more structure Straus, questioned the way for the cultural life of the man captured in the traditional Western humanities, the academic debate on the overall shape of the humanities and philosophy departments are active.

[ W ] AJlw Cultural anthropology in America

lwAtcE{AYAlwilIj41B Cultural anthropology in the United States since Franz Boas, Anthropology (study of human nature in general) one of four areas of growth as that. wIlwWAWJuvTOAAlIlwB It was developed as a field of science and anthropology, has developed "culture" which deals with the concept, and it is a field of anthropology to study cultural change among the people.

uvlwITOluRvAtuvuRvI[B "Culture" of the anthropological concept of the human species is "natural" to live in the western part of the initial word "culture" and "natural" for it is based on an intermediate state There is a prologue. AJlwc_AulvAloit\AIitATOl\B Discussions of American cultural anthropologist, culture is "human nature", and everyone has the ability to grade the experience and reading whatitKETA symbolically, the ability to teach others the concept of abstract that there is.

[ W ] lw various branches of anthropology

lww[3] B Disciplines of anthropology and material culture that is as follows [3].

  1. tB[h[N inj@_Awj Fieldwork (fieldwork) and the methodology, history of theory
  2. jiGXmqXg[j Folk history (ESUNOHISUTORI)
  3. Language
  4. R A i A 澇 A q{ A _ jA HZ A A Zp A |p Environmental nature, living (hunting, 澇 fishing, livestock, agriculture), food, clothing and shelter, and tools for people, technology and art
  5. xEe\A EEodgAlWAWcA ` A Kx Structure of the kinship family system and the marriage, how the political, economic and social relationships, group scheme of various traditions, and institutions and habits
  6. @EMEpEVE And festival ritual magic Faith Religion
  7. _bE`Eb And folklore legend myth
  8. wEyEE And play dance music folk
  9. ssAsse Problems in the city, including the impact of changes in urban culture and civilization
  10. ^dA li`EFASIKpA_q How the education and^, features of national ethnic and personality development, cultural change and apply psychological and mental health
  11. iflwAfwAFlwAlwj Others (visual anthropology, University national recognition Anthropology, Medical Anthropology)

[ W ] ` definition of culture

  1. VIlAAl`` Was acquired or acquired as a biological, genetic traits that people have not
  2. jI`AE Is formed in the historical changes that have maintained
  3. WcAWcAwLx`B In population, from members of the group, other members of the symbols, are transmitted through
  4. WcAlIAWcL In the collective, not personal, more or less shared by members of the population
  5. ijWcAWc`EAlAvllAIvf (Based on above) that the members of the group or culture, in order to maintain the formation of the group, every lifestyle, or way of thinking, including the specific elements

B Be. AIvl`B ,ENAKU and not to deny the cultural definition of the Apes by Western thinking.

[ W ] tB[h[NQ evil and fieldwork

NnAWc\Q^@Asnt1@B Eligible to stay in the research community over the years from a few months, participant observation as part of a living member of the group that the "site survey" is a technique. tB[h[NA @ AQ^@A s C^r[ tA SeXg@B The fieldwork is, observation, participant observation, interviews, "Interview", there are methods such as psychological testing.

tB[h[NAl ADAW i |[ ArapportjAWAlwB Survey results for all the fieldwork, the survey values, or hate or love for this study was the relationship between the study and research (Laports, rapport), and where relevant, Cultural Anthropology with a challenge. {AntB[h[NwIDAlww@stB[h[NUAIiwu`jB And at the Japan, the positive academic fieldwork to multiple destinations, many more anthropologists to study the social life when I went to graduate students for fieldwork, it is a social constraint ( university lectures, etc.) that can be difficult to target multiple social.

1970NAfA AB More from the 1970's when, the junk that investigation, the ethics investigation, have been a challenge. xgiCIAlwxginLApB When the war is Vietnam CIA is known to be active in Vietnam's popular cultural anthropologist in the capital, was probably used in war research. AJlw (Committee on Ethics) A 1975NjuEICvA 1984NuR[hvB The American Society for human ethics committee (Committee on Ethics) have been established, the 1975 platform in the year, "the principle of professional responsibility", 1984 "Code of Ethics" was created. {1988N25{wV|WE uw-vAuB In Japan, the 1988 tournament at the Research Society Symposium, 25 times Japan ethnic "minorities and ethnic studies - the study and the study will be" held, was established in the wake of the research ethics committee.

lwAo\plA_[WyB Research by the cultural anthropologist, a value that can be used in war and enough economic activity, depending on the type of research that covers the damage to be worth investigating. AE\Qh~}AIB Therefore, to prevent many cases of damage caused by the announcement by Namura Hitoshi pseudonym Anonymous, the practical effect of the light over the world.

[ W ] {ijlw Culture of Japan (social) anthropologist

u lw vQ "List of cultural anthropologists" see

[ W ] A See also

[ W ] lw Anthropologists

[ W ] lw lower fields of anthropology


[ W ] Aw Related Studies

[ W ] r Footnotes

  1. ^L`lwRwElwEwwwB ^ Anthropology in the broad sense it interdisciplinary science that spans various areas of social science and humanities science and natural science. {wpUAwlwRwA lwlwB Academic Society for the Promotion of Japan, however, the scientific nature of anthropology in the academic classification of them are classified as science and the humanities and anthropology. Alwww_wB On the other hand, in the field of education and research but also to argue that science is one of the world from the points of similarity and common and sociology as the next academic anthropology.
  2. ^lwItB[h[NNPubWw1898Ng[XChAe@bWHR @[XQB ^ Origin of practice of anthropological fieldwork at the University of Cambridge in 1898 and more old dispatch a team to survey the Straits trace, made the basis of the research method that WHR relatives to join them RIVASU.
  3. ^c]i1979j ^ Sobue (1979)

[ W ] Ql References

[ W ] ON External links


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