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Hd Streetcars
oT: t[STwEBLyfBAiWikipediajx Source: Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia (Wikipedia),
Hd iATramATramwayAStreet CarjAH~O i pO jsdB Tram (electric train route surface, Tram, Tramway, Street Car) and the track was laid on the road to the main (tracks used) train to run.
{HCLqB This section also describes the track rail motor.
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[ W ] Tv Summary
hCc A VA A ENCiSAE50400ssB Germany, Russia, in Ukraine, about 50 world cities in 400 countries. ssxqipB Are often used as a means of transportation of passengers in the city and its suburbs.
HAIHsAxOpO i{O@VOjB Route, which runs along the track, but generally, in the suburbs is dedicated to a separate track (orbit method in Japan is equivalent to the orbital new) often set up. AsXnnH}A20I~tH~]A gWbg[BSyB Meanwhile, many tried to separate sections of the elevated road and underground or in the city since the late 20 th century has been to allow boarding and alighting from the track in reverse, the spread in Europe TORANJITTOMORU.
VXeCg[ A ggC A S^Cg A gWbg[ieQjB The light rail system similar, TORAMUTOREIN, GOMUTAIYATORAMU, and there TORANJITTOMORU (see details for each item).
{20HdiA {HdQjB In Japan today there are about 20 tram place (for details, see the list of train track in Japan).
[ W ] j History
XnnSB Be the original birthplace of the railway carriage and omnibus. nOAC@AydCB The other horse tried to power the steam engine and had been the most popular electric power. 1879NhCcdCA V[XxfXg[VsA1881NxxO^sJnB This is the year 1879 electricity company in Germany, in the beginning of the driving demonstration at the Berlin Exposition Siemens, in the year 1881 has started operation in the outskirts of Berlin. A1887NAJlXv[Oo[WjABb`hWd|pVXeB The drive system using 1887 construction of the fish hanging overhead wire system and a collector in Richmond, Virginia in a national Sprague of the United States. MIVXeEIyB Will gradually spread throughout the world and from the general system is reliable. ABdCOSVXeFwiASRB The background to be recognized as a distinct system of electric railway tracks and in Europe generally, there is a reason that is completely different origin in the first place.
dCOiHdjessABeyB Electric orbit (tram) is the first cities in the U.S., we're going to continue to spread in Europe. ApO^]xVXexssssC^[A[oWB In the U.S., particularly between the developed and INTAABAN sophisticated cities and urban systems and improve the speed and operation of a private track. A1920NApyAssp~B However, the beginning of the 1920's, the spread of private cars in the U.S., we're going to be abolished in many cities. BOhAp[1]ssp~B This trend to pre-war London in any part of Europe, Paris [1] and was abolished in the city.
A\AAhCcA EHdpB The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, West Germany, and was also using the tram after the Second World War. hCcKp~Al20lssA Ad^MpAAYwB In West Germany is the abolition of the small population of more than 20 million people in the city, and introduce a method to stop receiving credit for freight and launch of the train juncture, efforts to improve productivity and increase transport capacity. HXNbvAhrhAxOH}SnHnsB Active in the scrap and build a network of routes, the underground and on the center line of the route will extend to the suburbs.
A1960N~ApOHKiixmsB Some of these late 1960's, to ensure the regular and enhanced speed to promote high standards of roads and private tracks. tNtgEAE}CP A VgDbgKg\AV^bgo[B Frankfurt am Main and Cologne, this system as represented by the Stuttgart, now called SHUTATTOBAN.
VVXeJslAJOeB This is a ATAETA affect the United States stalled in the development of new traffic. 1970NAAMssAu Cg[ (LRT)vt`B Since 1970, the Federal Bureau of Ministry of Urban Mass Transportation "Rail Light (LRT)" The word is defined. eAupOAIHipOj1dC^]sANepVXevB Its contents, "and track the most dedicated, in part on the road (combined track) by driving an electric car to a number or two-car train, transport systems readily available to anyone" is that . {uCg[ (LRT)vVXeAHsdKv_vB Original or "light rail transit (LRT)" and the system needs is a train track that runs along the light sensitive point. AAJiJi_jCg[ApOHB Accordingly, the U.S. (and Canada) will be necessary will be equipped with light rail, but also a dedicated orbital routes only. SISwB Strong directional high-speed rail in general.
1980NAxtXAssOVXeB In the 1980s, this time in France, but growing movement to improve the trajectory of the system in the city. tXAV^bgo[〜Cg[ApOHdpB In France, SHUTATTOBAN not flow to the light rail, tram employing combined high orbit. BLsAuCg[vB This is going to spread to other European countries later, some of these "light rail" was called.
ACg[t`EABvB Therefore, the term light rail is illustrative of the original meaning in the United States, takes note that the difference between the designation of cases in Europe.
OnwiAsXSnlmUiAjhL`lB The background will be in the Western orbit transportation system such as a means to promote and ensure the flow of people to the city center, it is considered to be significant in terms of preventing environmental damage. Aynplz_ssgB Therefore, maintenance is often the firm is incorporated in terms of urban policy and land use and population distribution. ApxOuAHdoXSsXnp[NAhChASsX~ss\gWbg[ACfBAAsB Also, put the parking lot of the suburbs of the private car, and park-and-ride scheme to get into the city center and bus and train track, which can pass through only the pedestrian traffic and public vehicle traffic banned in the city center born the idea of TORANJITTOMORU and was executed.
Az[B1980N20〜30cmxdJiA oAt[iB In terms of vehicles in Europe, low-floored home in the late 1980's the height from floor 20 to 30cm The development of ultra-low-floor trains and about the promotion of the disabled.
[ W ] {Hd Trams in Japan
{AHdO@A S@SmB In Japan, the tram is in the orbit under the law, and under the General Railroad Railway Business Law has been clearly distinguished. pOsHdAHOsSAOB The streetcar used to run the track, in principle, but the railway that runs along the outside of the road, in fact there are many exceptions. A{H@Au [^] v`B The Road Traffic Law of Japan, also a "car driven by Rail" is defined. ssv@ss{AHdssvHuXHvB In more urban set design of the city, the tram is out of the city planning road "street special" category. oc`A nnc i jASA OZN^[SB As management, public enterprise by the local municipality (Department of Transportation), corporate net private and private railways in general, there are rail third sector.
j1895N i28NjssJsdCS iA ssd jA assSAOB History 1895 (1895) Electric Railway Kyoto that opened in the city of Kyoto (later Tram Kyoto) as including, in the metropolitan area during the early Showa from Taisho, the maintenance of the track. ssOi C^[A[o jASHOgi A _{jB Among them are high-speed track between the cities (INTAABAN) is constructed, and some high-speed rail line was the predecessor of the current (Keio line, and Honsen Tigers).
1960NDydAHCB In the decade since 1960 in Sapporo, there were also non-electrified section, had been a few road and rail motor.
1932N65ss82AH1479kmAOAssdvi@\A 1960NxLA [^[[VHdaA 1970Nenp~B 1932 a year from 82 cities of 65, the total route length and peak 1479km, from the prewar to the postwar period, had an important function as a means of transportation in the city, the percentage ownership of the 1960 car of the era's high-growth to increase, due to the flow of streetcars motorization is a source of traffic, 1970 has been abolished in many parts between the end of the decade. uHdBFvbcB "The tram will lose as much as possible. ITASHITAI is ultimately to zero," the minister still has the time to answer. ZpWoX^AoXHdFA^cRXgoXIRB The bus is a large development of automobile technology, it is no longer equal to the capacity of bus and tram, the natural flow of the selected bus and the low operating costs. ssi wss jnSAssoXB Some large cities (city government decree) has been constructed underground, in many cities has become the alternative bus. A2008N{Hd20AknFB Therefore, the 2008 streetcar running in Japan for 20 years now and the following few points, at the Tohoku region is zero. Spi 1968N jA latEAE`3ssA AWAB In South Korea's neighboring countries but abolished (1968), in China's Hong Kong Dalian Changchun 3 to the city not only in the countries of Asia is quite high.
A20I~AyAoAt[yaa_EenHD]GA{]B On the other hand, since the end of 20 century, the reduction of environmental impact, in fact, inspired by the revival of the popular routes in and around the world in terms of easing traffic congestion and disabled, raising the movement's re-evaluation in Japan. 2006NVHxRwHA {qSxR`s@xRCg[JB In 2006 with the construction of the elevated construction of Toyama Station Shinkansen, which opened Toyama Light Rail was the redevelopment of the city as the transportation backbone of{qSxR`. 2009NA3Hd^cs{A xR ixRnSAxRCg[AtjBB 2009 Today, the three prefectures, the operator of the tram project is different, Toyama Prefecture (regional train Toyama, Toyama Light Rail Linet) only. RLAp~HVKHvACHsB In Okayama and Hiroshima, but also planning the construction of new routes and the route was discontinued and revived, not realized by the lack of width of road and bridge repair.
GlM[VVVFA{dCSdLpApF{sHdAHdZpi@\EfUCj[LRVpB VVVF control of high energy-saving, are widely used as a control method of electric railway trains in Japan are practical cases in the country was in the van as it was a train track in Kumamoto City Transportation Bureau At present, the tram vehicles and Technology (Design Organization) LRV in advanced cases is to adopt a few. A\}XRlVVVFxOdHdA R`bpB But the scene, and consider the response from the control operation VVVF control acceleration and deceleration performance and mass in the direction streetcar suburbs in the direction the train will not be a strong voice and good control chopper control and resistance. [ voT ] [Source Required]
[ W ] c Public transport and urban development conference
ssVXeHdSu HdT~bg vA 1993NHdXAHdXlcJi2010NxRsJ\jB To raise awareness of the public transport system of streetcars in the city "tram summit" called, in the 1993 round-robin of the town run the train from the track, which held a meeting to consider taking advantage of urban streetcar that (next to be held in Toyama in 2010). A{ennxHdSAu LRTssT~bgijvA2009NxLsVcJB In addition, a growing interest in the streetcar at the municipal level in Japan, "LRT Summit City (tentative name)" under the name, considering that 2009 is a new conference in Hiroshima in the year.
20I~AHde[}cJA LRTSMB 20 Since the end of the century, became particularly prominent in the conference on the theme of this streetcar, LRTMWA that is of high interest.
[ W ] \z implementation plan
VLRTWLfAISB The LRT and major newspapers that have appeared in feature articles are also increasing social interest. A Fs{s A s LAS\\zB The feasibility aside, the city of Utsunomiya, Japan, Tochigi, and the District Toshima-ku, Tokyo, and there are several initiatives introduced in the country.
{HdQB For details, see the list of tram in Japan.
[ W ] Hd Day of the Trams
1995NLsJ2HdT~bgA 610HdB 1995 were held in the city of Hiroshima to the 2-year terms by the Summit train circuit, was established in June 10 days of the streetcar. 6=iHjA10peidjCB This is 6 = path (track), 10 = Ten in English (the train) by a pun. HdHd_PRLy[CxgsB To the benefits of the streetcar streetcar PR campaigns and events for you.
[ W ] enHd Trams around
- {EpHdA {HdQB Streetcar line on the existing waste in Japan, see the list of tram in Japan.
- {OeHdA HdXQB For countries other than Japan streetcars, see list of town run the train track.
[ W ] u``dv "Chin Chin train" aka the
t[gSOA ^]m^]m} ixjRB This is sound and FUTOGONGU, bells were ringing to send a signal to the driver or conductor on the train drivers and conductors (Bell) comes from the sound. gpB Sound of the bell was used in the following sense.
- sdu`v1u~qvuv Once close to the Deli train running "Chin" and 1RASE "people should stop because of the fall" or "stop"
- u``v2u~qvuv "Chin Chin" and two timesRASE "What a good customers because there is no through-fall" or "good"
- u``v2u~vuv During stops at "Chin Chin" When I rang two times and "Let it still be a departing passenger," or "good"
- u````v3uvuijv "CHINCHINCHINCHIN" with three or more timesRASE "should stop immediately" or "stop (emergency stop)"
sdrSiS}^]ALqE^]mmApAq}utjA sG^snCJjA ydCSu V vMgpB You can listen to the departure time of all vehiclessdstill Arakawa Line (Now that all the trains for the one-man operation, and contact between drivers and conductors are not used above, as a signal to passengers departing a) In addition, in the No. plush theater box that runs only in summer, the city transportation department, Hakodate, Electric Railway Tosa "issue of Restoration" is used as a signal bell bell still at this. LdSc[}^s^]muU[}AuU[LS^p_[B The LdS also is sending a signal with a buzzer in the driver when the train conductor in TSUMAN interesting is that it operates exactly the same as above only change the buzzer bell.
AHdOS i300n~2uU[XjdCSE}dSE_dCSEE{SECdCSEsscnSGEscnSE}LdCSAx2A}ci }^]HBbRdSsjAHdciHdAjB The Nagoya Railroad to include the non-train track (but 300 vehicles since the system will change the formula buzzer shot) GSubway Subway Kyoto CdCS Kinki Japan Railway OSAKA Hankyu and Keihan Electric Railway also in the railway and underground electrical Chikuho Osaka municipal, level 2 is due to leave the pound sign (except for driving routes autocrat. the past was done in the railway andbR), be it a relic of the streetcar era ( Kansai so many companies, especially the tram origin, it is noticeable). A dSuU[2AwuU[1AHd}sB In Kanto, the buzzer when departing Keisei twice the buzzer to stop when approaching a time and have done a train-track signal.
[ W ] HdAp Related terms tram
- O^x Orbital transportation enhancement projects
- {ny@A LRTzB In the law and play activation of Japan's local public transportation, LRT assuming the name of development projects.
- Z^[|[ Paul Center
- B Set up a pillar method of stringing a line between the top and bottom. HedijiBRU the overhead wire system from a roadside telephone poles and buildings (the main method) is better than landscape. SpB Adopted in cases of railway line. dKvIAHed]Z^[|[BKUNAKATTA time the telephone poles from the former general was necessary, in accordance with the center pole more roadside telegraph pole was not expected. izdnsXndB Decreased again for the resurrection of the electric poles in the city by the underground electric cables but aesthetic.
- Z^[Ux[V SENTARIZABESHON
- OilAHIH~pOB Not like a car entering the track, laying a railway track was dedicated associate physically separate the central part of the road. tH[H~ApTChUx[VB And laying the tracks on the edge of the road opposite to the center and the automotive SAIDORIZABESHON.
- pbZW[t[ PASSENJAFURO
- dp~pAqr^xB Only private and out into the door of the train ride, pay the fare on the way to move passengers between them. DysdA2A^xO~B Sapporo Tram peak in the two-car train ride from the rear of the vehicle were to alight from the vehicle to the front after paying the fare.
- HdVXe Track feed system
- "APS(Alimentation par le Sol)"AXgJWdVXeAZZOgOO~AdZOgdCB "APS (Alimentation par le Sol)" in the collector system was developed by ARUSUTOMU names, separated by laying a third rail in a short segment, only the electrical system through a segment of the train passing through. svQh_AtX{h[pARXgS~WdsAjIsSpAx]dB Look good in the advantage that the failure to reduce the unnecessary overhead wire that has been put to practical use in Bordeaux, France, and electrical failure due to collection of garbage and the high cost of construction, historical buildings often used only in the center section is near the train line with a conventional aerial. snApB Different districts in the administrative part, there are places that have been only one sector. XEAWFEIABpAWB Reims Angers and Orléans future decision adopted by the B line, which is expected to develop in the future. A{h[j[[NHdALWdCWdsRfCbgAFB Incidentally, once the underground feeder lines and the line between Bordeaux and New York, a collector to collector shoes grew from the bottom in the car. "KONDYUITTO method" that exists now is zero.
- d High speed train
- HdAHddiSjgtB The tram, the tram is not a normal train (railway) used to distinguish words.
- ssS High-Speed Rail City
- XH_M~uHdvAM~vEvSB Forced to stop at a traffic signal at the intersection of the street "streetcar" to mean a plan designed to train not to stop at traffic signals. prapid transitAu ss{ vssv@111KB English of rapid transit is the word, "more urban" design a city as one of Article 11 is a paragraph.
[ W ] Notes
- ^ pHdA 2006N 1216JAOSAB ^ Tram in Paris, 2006 December 16 but re-opened, the relevant section and before the war is totally different.
[ W ] A See also
- What about the vehicle
- VXe About system
- Other
[ W ] ON External links
- {HdDTCg Official site of Japan Tramway
- Le Tram iHdOS^CgLj Le Tram (in the article other than the tram and GOMUTAIYATORAMU)
- Hdl Hall thought the tram
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