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IBM IBM

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Disambiguation Rs[^LqB This item has been written about the computer company. p@IBM (B)B For other usage of IBM (Disambiguation) please.
International Business Machines Corporation International Business Machines Corporation
IBM logo
Type J Public Company
s Market Information
NYSE NYSE IBM IBM
Abbreviation IBM IBM
{n Headquarters AJO United States
New Orchard Road New Orchard Road
Armonk, New York 10504 Armonk, New York 10504
db Phone 914-499-1900 914-499-1900
Established 1914N 1914
Industry dC@ Electrical equipment
e Business Rs[^A Computer-related
n[hEFAE\tgEFAE Sales of software production hardware
T[rX A RTeBO Services, providing consulting
\ Representative ECEO And Chairman, President CEO
T~GEJEp~T[m Samuel J Palmisano
Sales 10363000hi 2008Nxj [1] 103600000000 $ 3000 million (2008 times) [1]
Y Total assets 10952400hi2008Nxj [1] 109500000000 $ 2400 million (FY 2008) [1]
] Employees 398,455li2008Nxj [2] 398,455 people (year 2008) [2]
Z Fiscal Year 12 12, 2007 at the end of
vq Major subsidiaries {ACEr[EG Bee Co., Ltd. Japan Eye
IBMrWlXRTeBOT[rX IBM Business Consulting Services, Inc.
ON External links http://www.ibm.com/ http://www.ibm.com/
\ E b E E History Hen talk table

IBM iACr[GA: International Business Machines Corporation A NYSE : IBM j A Rs[^AiT[rXB IBM (AIBIEMU, official name: International Business Machines Corporation, NYSE: IBM), a company that provides products and services related to computers. {AJO j[[NBA[NB The head office is located in Armonk, New York United States.

{@lA {IBMQB In corporate Japan, IBM Japan for more information.

Contents

[ W ] Tv Summary

eRs[^AA n[hEFA A \tgEFAEJEEA T[rXRTeBOB Business activities related to the computer in the enterprise, hardware, maintenance and development and sales of software production, the provision of consulting and services. An[hEFA2A\tgEFA2AT[rXRTeBO6B Sales ratio is 20 percent hardware and 20 percent of software, consulting services and is about 6 percent.

{uAen@lAEKs iO[ojB Headquartered in the United States, established a subsidiary in each country, a multinational company active world-wide (enterprise global). EKAgEXGIEviB Are further enhanced with the integration of world GIE are working to change.

Rs[^YtgARs[^AwB Engaged from the dawn of the computer industry and now has grown into one of the computer-related companies. Rs[^E}CN\tgE[_[iljARs[^EeB Leader to lead the industry in line with Microsoft in the computer industry (and Giants), which is said to be one of the most influential companies in the computer industry.

Ct[sEIIBMB Market the mainframe world, especially in the near-monopoly of IBM. p[\iRs[^PC/AT@A IBM PCx[XB Current mainstream PC and PC / AT machine is compatible, IBM PC was based. pIy[eBOVXe A n[hfBXN A tbs[fBXN A RISCvZbTA SQLIBMJB The first commercial operating system, hard disk, floppy disk, RISC processor, SQL language and is developed by IBM.

vLxwibwA g\`[bqm[xyoB Also if the basic science behind its high profitability and capital resources, research institutes and Zurich Watson is to produce a Nobel Prize. 1993N`2008N16NAAgbv[3] B 1993 to 2008 16 years, the number of patents in the U.S. and consecutive [3].

AJC\AIu[X[cAiSF{AJu Big Blue vB The company is representing the East Coast of America, a conservative corporate culture early in the blue suit that was only, in the U.S. after the country's product or logo colors of "Big Blue" which is known by the nickname. RIBMvWFNguBluevALC[WJ[B This is derived from the IBM to the project of "Blue" Many of the cap, and a color ad.

IBMAgEFuTCg Planet Wide Company \gB IBM is a website of their own once they had been using the Planet Wide Company expression. World Wide APlanet Wide IBMlB World Wide instead, Planet Wide where some people say that IBM is proud to be seen. 2008N116R[|[gEuhErWSmarter PlanetB 2008 November 6, from the date of the corporate brand vision Smarter Planet.

[ W ] Business

[ W ] n[hEFA Hardware

[ W ] \tgEFA Software

[ W ] T[rX Services

[ W ] Other

  • p[\iRs[^ifXNgbvThinkCentre Am[gobThinkPadjA 2005NPCLenovoO[vpB Personal Computers (Desktop ThinkCentre, ThinkPad notebook PC's, etc.) in 2005 for PC Division Lenovo Group was sold to. _LenovoIBMuhpgpAIBMiAmuLenovowIBM ThinkPadxvB IBM Lenovo deal is the term used for a certain brand is continuing, but already in IBM products, more accurately, "Lenovo's IBM ThinkPad," and so on.

[ W ] j History

[ W ] n early days

IBMjdqvZ@J\NOnB IBM's history begins in the decades before the development of electronic calculators. dqvZ@OA p`J[hf[^@JB Before the electronic calculator has been developed equipment Punch card data processing. 1911N 615 A j[[NBUERs[^[E^r[eBOER[fBOEJpj[ ( CTR : The C omputing- T abulating- R ecording Company) B 1911 June 15, the company recorded in the computer TABYURETINGU, New York (CTR: The C omputing-T abulating-R ecording Company) was established.

CTR3`B CTR was formed through the merger of two separate companies. UE^r[eBOE}V[EJpj[i 1896NjAUEC^[iViE^CER[fBOEJpj[EIuEj[[Ni 1900NjARs[eBOEXP[EJpj[EIuEAJi 1901Nj3B The TABYURETINGU Machine Company (1896 establishment), the International Time Recording Company of New York (1900 establishment), the Computing Scale Company of America (1901 establishment) The three companies. ^r[eBOE}V[EJpj[nn[}EzXB President of the Company at the time the machine was TABYURETINGU Herman Hollerith of the founders. lY`[YEtgA3nWA 1930NCTR[4] B People hold the key to the deal Charles Flint is wealthy, he has proposed a merger of the company founders gathered in 1930 until his retirement years was the director of the CTR [4].

g[}XEJEg\EVjAIBMnA1914NNCRCTRi[l}l[W[j}A 1915NB Thomas J Watson, senior in IBM is the founder and, from 1914 to NCR from the CTR Division (General Manager) greeted as 1915 became the president. IBM1914NnNB IBM in 1914 in the year and the year of founding. 1917N ACTRJi_sQ International Business Machine Co., Limited gpA 1924N 214{ International Business Machines Corporation XB 1917, CTR is a case to enter the Canadian market, International Business Machine Co., Limited Use of Name, 1924 February 14, and now the name of the console to change the International Business Machines Corporation.

CTR3lXiB CTR was the original three companies that manufacture various products. ]L^VXe A v AH@ARs[^Jdvp`J[hA@B Employee work time recording system, instruments measuring, machine Automatic meat thinly sliced, and the punch-card equipment that are important to the development of the computer. CTRp`J[hASAXB The CTR is the time to punch cards and related businesses, and other businesses to stop gradually.

1933N 620GNg}`bNE^CvC^[YEJpj[A ^CvC^[o[5] B 1933 June 20 to acquire the company TAIPURAITAZU EREKUTOROMACHIKKU on Sunday, as it projects typewriters [5].

[ W ] E World War II

GhEBEubNiIBMOS/2jG^[vCYXApRV[}[p\RGwOS/2vtFbVixwOS/2EC[NxWslj2001NIBMzR[Xg ( ISBN 4760121587 ) AIBMj[[N{CEO g[}XEJEg\COqi`XEhCcp`J[h@A zR[Xgsg\FB Edwin Black (IBM the OS / 2 as a result of a change in policy for the enterprise market, the consumer magazine was forced to shut down your PC's OS / 2 Professional, OS / 2 was the publisher, editor of the Week) of 2001 The book, IBM and the Holocaust (ISBN 4760121587) So, IBM's New York headquarters and CEO Thomas J has supplied the punch card machines to Nazi Germany through a subsidiary Watson, can use it to run the Holocaust claiming that it had been recognized. Aj[[N{IBM Wl[ItBXhCcq Dehomag i`XcssIT|[gB The book, in cooperation with the New York headquarters of IBM subsidiaries in Germany and Geneva offices Dehomag claim that he actively supported the Nazi atrocities. ubN}Vgi`XsqB He also said that the efficient conduct of the Nazis to use their machines. 2003NhL^[ The CorporationyB 2003 documentary, The Corporation is in pursuing this issue.

IBMNiAtLAB IBM is in a lawsuit filed in evidence, and does not possess the resources to support it then, dismissing them. IBMAN^~AKwI]Aq[6] B IBM will also take seriously the claims that have been raised by the plaintiffs and the authorities are expecting a proper academic review in this matter, he said [6].

EAIBMu[jOeBARM1J[reB During World War II, IBM is automatic rifle Browning BAR and M1 produced a carbine. eRIBM^r[eBO}VvAILgB The military alliance is a national IBM TABYURETINGUMASHIN is used extensively in war-related purposes, such as accounting and logistics operations. XAXsEjJv}nb^vIBMp`J[h@LvZgpB The Manhattan Project is the development of nuclear weapons at Los Alamos of the world's first IBM is used widely to calculate the punch-card equipment. `[hEPEt@C}wkAt@C}xLB This is Richard P Feynman's book, you joking, Mr. Feynman, are described. AIBMCRHarvard Mark IJB Also during the war, IBM is in the Navy Harvard Mark I was developed. AJKfW^vZ@B Automatic digital computer is the first large-scale U.S..

zXv@pLA{vZvARs[^JoB To increase the business it used to census statistics Hollerith machines, with a calculating eye to the demand of corporations and governments, plans to develop and sell computers after World War II.

[ W ] RqvWFNg Airlines and the Air Force project

1950NAIBMAJRhqVXeRs[^J_B 1950s, IBM has signed a contract to develop computer systems for automation of air defense. SAGEVXeIBMMITsdvANZXB SAGE air that IBM is involved in the MIT system could access the important research being done in. EA^CwfW^Rs[^A CRT\A CRA A CgK ApIRs[^A fW^EAiOZp A dbfW^f[^]VZp ( Whirlwind )B It is a digital computer in the world's first real-time oriented, CRT display, the core memory magnetic, light gun, language computer algebra the first practical technology-analog conversion, digital technologies include the latest digital data transfer and phone lines in the that (Whirlwind). IBM56SAGEpRs[^i13000hjA7,000l]iS]20%jB IBM is manufacturing 56 of the SAGE computer units (1 million), during the height of 7,000 people were engaged (20% of all employees at the time). IvvWFNgB Stability by means of long-term project rather than a direct benefit. A[ZpANZXRsB However, access to advanced technologies under military protection. AIBMvWFNg\tgEFAJhAu\tgEFAYxzI`XB In addition, IBM has taken away the land to the Institute of software development projects, missed a chance to win a dominant role in the software industry during the rise. vWFNgW Robert P. Crago AuvWFNgA2000lvO}IBMzovqB Robert P. Crago project stakeholders, "when the project is completed sometime in 2000 IBM programmers could not imagine what people say in what next". IBMSAGEKA^Clbg[N\zoA SABREq\VXeJAB SAGE IBM has experience in building large-scale real-time network, SABRE system to develop a booking airline, further success.

[ W ] 1960N1980N From the 1960s up to 1980's success

IBM PC i1981Nj The first IBM PC (1981 age)

1960NIBMRs[^v8i UNIVAC A o[X AScientific Data Systems (SDS)A CDC A GE A RCA A nlEF AIBMjVFALB 1960s IBM computer has eight major companies (UNIVAC, browse, Scientific Data Systems (SDS), CDC, GE, RCA, Honeywell, IBM) have had the biggest share in the. lXwuIBM7llvB People are pointing to it "IBM and the Seven Dwarfs" and called it. Ao[XAUNIVACA NCR ACDCAnlEFCt[AuIBMBUNCHvB Then, browse, UNIVAC, NCR, CDC, and to produce only the Honeywell mainframe, taking the first letter of company name "IBM and the BUNCH" was also called. o[XUNIVACi Xy[ jajVXOIBMCt[sPB These companies and browse UNIVAC (Sperry) non Unisys was born in the merger of IBM's withdrawal on the fact that the monopoly of the mainframe market. IBMRs[^iQXB The time of IBM's computer product line has continued to grow and today the name change. IBMSystem/360Ct[A64rbg IBM System zB IBM's System/360 mainframe was born, in today's 64-bit IBM System z is.

1964NpCt[ESystem/360JA|Ct[sB 1964 Frame Maine versatility of the first successful year in the development of System/360, the mainframe market to the almost exclusive to overwhelm the other. AAJi@~@IBMii 1969N 117 jB With this success, the U.S. Justice Department is in violation of antitrust IBM sued (1969 January 17). IBMpdqfW^Rs[^sirWlXvRs[^jdAV[}~@2iB IBM markets the general-purpose electronic digital computer (the computer that is designed especially for business)dRI attempt to monopolize, the Sherman Act is accused of violating two articles. IA CDC 6600R@\CDC^AR@B Specifically, CDC 6600 and CDC announced a blow against the model to the sale of items that did not launch a counter-model in the end. i1983NAIBMe^B The case is continued until the year 1983, IBM had a tremendous impact. AiCDCiACDCLaB In the same cause of action alleged by CDC, CDC has a condition favorable to the settlement. IBMOxX~@iB IBM's degree than those that have been sued for antitrust violations. 1933N Ap`J[h@p`J[hiB As far back as 1933, was charged with tie-in and punch card punch card equipment.

1970Np[\iRs[^gSxAIBM PCB But the 1970 wave of the personal computer age isRIxRE fully regain the initiative for IBM PC and launch a success. IBM@[J[fRpbNDB IBM then was deprived of the right led to the Compaq and Dell cloner. vjOSCPU}CN\tgCeB The core of the OS and CPU's earnings had been held in the Intel and Microsoft.

IBMGg[VXetBbvEhEGXgbW "chess" `[1981N 811IBM PCB Philip Don was hired by IBM and ESUTORIJJI entry systems division "chess" and called the team's 1981 year 8 month 11 days IBM PC finished. Wi1,565hrWlXgp\APCwB Standard price is not cheap in 1565 dollars that is not available to the business, PC company had also purchased. APCRs[^APCRs[^B However, PC was not under the jurisdiction of the department's computer, PC computer and is not considered respectable. 8rbgp\RvI\vZ\tgVisiCalcn\tgLotus 1-2-3PCAEw\oB 8 spreadsheet VisiCalc bit revolutionary computer software system in the PC of the Lotus 1-2-3 and get to work on, we found that the possibility of corporate middle management layer. IBMOAPCwrWlXXN[wvZPCsB IBM is guaranteed in the name of the calculation they have learned in business school PC and buy a PC now do.

[ W ] 1990N 1990's slump in the recovery and

1990N_ETCWOIBMCt[uxAiKV[jAsvAIBM}B 1990 generations, the trend is the downsizing of IBM's flagship mainframe is "obsolete, a relic of the past (legacy), crumbling dinosaur" called, IBM's performance is deteriorating rapidly. 1993N 119 AIBM1992Nxv497000h\B 1993 January 19, IBM's 1992 financial year in its 49 billion dollar loss. PNxPzAJjB This is a loss for the fiscal year by one company said it was the worst in U.S. history.

AIBMn[hEFAA\tgEFAT[rX_]iB Since this loss, IBM has the hardware to the business plan, a bold push to shift to software and services. f}CN\tg A Ce A TE}CNVXeY A INDAPC(IBM PC Company)v^[AIBMiB The model is then divided horizontally Microsoft, Intel, Systems, Sun Microsystems, and for the good of Oracle, the U.S. division PC (IBM PC Company) and Division and printers, IBM spun off by the ongoing movement. n[hEFACt[iiAT[o[V[Yuh@\iB The hardware costs of its main frame of Maine, under the common brand name of the series and features more than one server. IBM`IA{{pOAeIgpsAj]Xg{JnB IBM has a tradition, from the previously employed by the Japanese company in Japan, had been employed for life in the country, has started the implementation of restructuring plans to change this.

1993NA irXRCXEK[Xi[CEOACAsZpAEKA `|AqwocsAVXeOSqA I[vVXepVXeCeO[^[]B In 1993, Gerstner Louis hoarse excluding off from Nabisco CEO appointed to sell the unprofitable sector, world-class business integration, eliminate bureaucracy, and business management of customer-oriented, unique and proprietary system for OS Stop the customer retention, conversion to increase the strategic business systems integrator of open systems. qv]Aqg[^T[rX]lAIBM~B Listening to customers, and customers want a total service, IBM has stopped the movement of the spin off. IBMLinuxiRs[^MB This is IBM Linux was the head of a major computer company to promote. 1995Nlbg[NERs[eBO A 1997Ne-rWlXB 1995 the Year of the Network Computing, 1997 to the year the proposed e-business.

1995NAIBMLotus NotesLotusB In 1995, IBM's Lotus Notes with Lotus acquired. ^p\tgEFATivoli A f[^x[XInformix A \tgEFAJc[RationalA]IBM\tgEFAi DB2 A WebSpherejB Even after a management software Tivoli, the database Informix, with the tool Rational software development and acquisition, from traditional IBM software (DB2, WebSphere, etc.) and integrated. A2003N\tgEFA5uhiInformation ManagementAWebSphereALotusATivoliARationalj`B This results in 2003, the five brands of software (Information Management, WebSphere, Lotus, Tivoli, Rational) was formed. AC[WJ[AAAAFB The image of each color is green, purple, yellow, red, sky blue.

1999NAIBM\tgEFASEj]AIBMAvP[VpbP[WJA~hEFAWAeAvP[VEx_[p[gi[VbvgA[U[\[V\B In 1999, IBM and policy change is a global software strategy, IBM's future development with the application package, to focus on middleware and application vendors in a strong partnership with each business, providing solutions to users announced that.

RAuiARfBeBiiIBMfRApsAuIWviB While business investment and the acquisition of coreuDZUKETA lead to declining commodity prices and sales of IBM and non-core business and determine the strengths ofKASENAI, "selection and concentration" have been. 1991N^CvC^[A1998Nlbg[NpB Project 1991 typewriter, in 1998 sold the business.

[ W ] j Recent history

Nx FY Only a few patents
2008N 2008 4186 4186
2007N 2007 3125 3125
2006N 2006 3621 3621
2005N 2005 2941 2941
2004N 2004 3248 3248
2003N 2003 3415 3415
2002N 2002 3288 3288
2001N 2001 3411 3411
2000N 2000 2886 2886
1999N 1999 2756 2756
1998N 1998 2658 2658
1997N 1997 1724 1724
1996N 1996 1867 1867
1995N 1995 1383 1383
1994N 1994 1298 1298
1993N 1993 1087 1087
NxNIBMNOy[W IBM landing page is outside of the fiscal year on the performance of the

IBMn[hEFAZpA RTeBOT[rXA\tgEFArWlX\[VXdSA[U[A\zAXgbv^T[rXwB While IBM's hardware and technology services including consulting, in addition to the center of gravity shifted from software and other business solutions, business analysis company, building from the proposed one-stop-services to maintain trying.

2002N7AIBMvCXEH[^[nEXN[p[X iPricewaterhouseCoopersAPwCjRTeBO39hA]RTeBOAIBM rWlXRTeBO T[rXB July 2002, IBM is PricewaterhouseCoopers (PricewaterhouseCoopers, PwC) consulting division of 39 billion acquisition, integration and consulting division of the past, IBM's Business Consulting Services. i{sA@lIBMrWlXRTeBOT[rXBj (Japanese market only, a separate corporation that is integrated with IBM Consulting Services business.)

RTeBOOT[rXiIBMO[oT[rXAIGSjAVXe\z(SI)A[U[VXeIAEg\[VO (SO)AXElEqT[rXEwGWjAOAEg\[VOirWlXEgXtH[[VEAEg\[VOABTOjB The business consulting services other than (IBM Global Services, IGS), the system (SI) continued to strategic information systems outsourcing company name (SO), and even the business of purchasing and customer service, financial personnel outsourcing, including the trustee and reengineering (Business Transformation Outsourcing, BTO) has been advocated.

uIWvRAWARApB "Selection and concentration" to focus on core business, which also sell non-core businesses. \tgEFAA2006NRec\tgEFAFileNet A2007NBIc[CognosAiB In the software business in 2006 with content management software to FileNet, 2007 in BI is a tool Cognos acquisition, integrated product. RAA2004Np[\iRs[^A2006Nv^[AiiA{A]jpB As non-core businesses in 2004, business PC in 2006, the printer business enterprise, sectoral and business (products, facilities, and employees) to split the sale of the company.

IBMANXCZX_dvB IBM has steadily increased the number of patents, and also important when a cross-licensing agreements with other companies. 1993N2008N16NAIBMB From 1993 to 2008, 16 years, IBM has always been ranked first in number of patents in the United States. 16NIBM42,000B The 16-year IBM acquired the patent is more than 42,000. mIYrWlXdvB Protection of intellectual property rights is becoming more important as a business. IBMgp100hB IBM is in this period and royalties by more than 100 billion dollars. 2003NA tH[uXLIBMT[` Paul Horn AIBMmIYCZX^N10hvqB 2003, the magazine Forbes has Paul Horn of IBM Research, IBM grants annual licenses of intellectual property and 10 said that billion-dollar profit.

2009NAIBMR[|[gEuhErWSmarter PlanetANEhRs[eBOB 2009 Today, IBM is Smarter Planet as a corporate brand vision, and advocating cloud computing.

[ W ] Biography

pi6hA2005N3OF2005N5B The sale price is 6 billion, by 2005 approved by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States in 2005 was traded in February. IBMLenovo19%oALenovoj[[NB{]ocwIBM}B IBM's 19 percent stake in Lenovo, Lenovo is the management and transfer of the IBM headquarters in New York State and its officers. Lenovo5NAIBMWgpLB Lenovo is five years, IBM has the right to use the trademark. IBMiThinkPadV[YpB As a result, IBM is one of the most successful product of the ThinkPad series was to take over. LenovoO2008NkIsbNOIBMWgpp~B Then came Lenovo to better performance than before the acquisition and before the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, which IBM discontinued the use of trademarks.

[ W ] Major acquisitions

2009N318 IBMTE}CNVXeYIN[14] [15] B

List of mergers and acquisitions by IBMQB

[ W ] {IBM

IBM Corporation{A{ACEr[EGIBMrWlXRTeBOT[rX AqEAsB{OAITEcrWlXRTeBOP@lsB

[ W ] {ACEr[EG

{ACEr[EGQ

[ W ] IBMrWlXRTeBOT[rX

IBMrWlXRTeBOT[rXQ

[ W ] r

[ wv ]
  1. ^ a b IBM Financial information
  2. ^ IBM Company Overview
  3. ^ IBMAL^h
  4. ^ " IBM Archives: Charles R. Flint ". 2008N225 {B
  5. ^ "Business Machine Deal", The New York Times, Vol.82, No.27572 (1933N621), p.23, l.3.
  6. ^ " IBM Statement on Nazi-era Book and Lawsuit ". IBM (2001-02-14). 2008N225 {B
  7. ^ IBMALh
  8. ^ IBMAAscential Software
  9. ^ IBM C^[lbg ZLeB VXeY
  10. ^ IBMAILOG
  11. ^ IBMFileNet
  12. ^ IBMROmXuCtH[VEIf}hiIODjv
  13. ^ IBMTelelogic
  14. ^ IBMTA
  15. ^ IBMTAITsH

[ W ] A

[ W ] ON

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